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| | |range_map = Corylus cornuta range map 2.png | | |range_map = Corylus cornuta range map 2.png |
| | |range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Corylus cornuta'' | | |range_map_caption = Natural range of ''Corylus cornuta'' |
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| − | {{nutritionalvalue
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| − | | name=Beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta), raw
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| − | | water=5.92 g
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| − | | kJ=2629
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| − | | protein=14.89 g
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| − | | fat=52.99 g
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| − | | ash=3.22 g
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| − | | carbs=22.98 g
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| − | | fiber=9.8 g
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| − | | calcium_mg=441
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| − | | copper_mg = 1.200
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| − | | iron_mg=3.12
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| − | | magnesium_mg=235
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| − | | phosphorus_mg=411
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| − | | potassium_mg=738
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| − | | sodium_mg=2
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| − | | manganese_mg=7.600
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| − | | zinc_mg=2.06
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| − | | thiamin_mg=0.480
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| − | | riboflavin_mg=0.160
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| − | | niacin_mg=3.190
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| − | | vitB6_mg=0.550
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| − | | right=1
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| − | | source_usda=1
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| − | | note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=35233&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
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| | }} | | }} |
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| − | '''''Corylus cornuta''''', the '''beaked hazelnut''', is a [[deciduous]] shrubby [[hazel]] found in most of North America, from southern Canada south to Georgia and California. It grows in dry woodlands and forest edges and can reach {{convert|4|-|8|m|ft}} tall with stems {{cvt|10|-|25|cm|in|frac=4}} thick with smooth gray bark.<ref name="ACRRE">{{cite web|title=Corylus cornuta|url=https://acrre.ualberta.ca/Portals/14/ACRREDocuments/Corylus_cornuta.pdf|website=Alberta Centre for Reclamation and Restoration Ecology|publisher=University of Alberta|accessdate=22 November 2017}}</ref> The leaves are rounded oval, coarsely double-toothed, {{cvt|5|-|11|cm|in|frac=4}} long and {{cvt|3|-|8|cm|in|frac=4}} broad, with hairy undersides. The flowers are [[catkin]]s that form in the fall and pollinate in the following spring. | + | '''Beaked hazelnut''' (''Corylus cornuta'') is a species of hazelnut native to North America. |
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| − | ''Corylus cornuta'' is named from its fruit, which is a [[nut (fruit)|nut]] enclosed in a husk with a tubular extension {{cvt|2|-|4|cm|in|frac=4}} long that resembles a beak. Tiny filaments protrude from the husk and may stick into, and irritate, skin that contacts them. The spherical nuts, which are surrounded by a hard shell, are edible though small. The beaked hazel is the hardiest of all hazel species, at its northern limits surviving temperatures of {{cvt|-50|C|F}}.<ref name="ACRRE" />
| + | About 20 nuts were collected from a single tree in a rural area of Marin. There were many other trees around but some only had catkins (could they be males? is this species dioecious?) and none had a significant number of nuts. |
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| − | There are two varieties:<ref name="feis">{{FEIS |genus=Corylus |species=cornuta |type=shrub |last=Fryer |first=Janet L. |date=2007}}</ref>
| + | The husks are covered in fine barbed hairs that easily penetrate the skin and are difficult to remove, similar to the glochids of [[prickly pear]] but much less painful. After the husks were removed, the shells were cracked by smashing with a blunt object (this was actually less messy than using a pair of pliers as a nutcracker). About half of the nuts were rotten inside but the other half yielded substantial nut meats. These were roasted under an electric broiler until just starting to brown and emit steam, then chopped and enjoyed as an ice cream topping. Similar to commercial hazelnuts. |
| − | *''Corylus cornuta'' var. ''cornuta'' – Eastern Beaked Hazel. Small shrub, {{cvt|4|to|6|m|0}} tall;<ref name="feis" /> 'beak' longer, {{cvt|3|cm|frac=4}} or more.
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| − | *''Corylus cornuta'' var. ''californica'' – Western Beaked Hazel or California Hazelnut. Large shrub, {{cvt|4|to|15|m|0}} tall;<ref name="feis" /> 'beak' shorter, usually less than {{cvt|3|cm|frac=4}}. The [[Maidu#Local divisions|Concow tribe]] called this variety {{lang|mjd|gōm’-he’’-ni}} ([[Konkow language]]).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chesnut | first1 =Victor King |title=Plants used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLkUAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=24 August 2012|year=1902|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]]|page = 405}}</ref>
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| − | The seeds are dispersed by [[jay]]s and rodents such as [[American red squirrel|red squirrel]]s and [[least chipmunk]]s.<ref name="feis" /> Although ''C. cornuta'' is somewhat shade tolerant, it is more common in forests with fairly open canopies than denser ones.<ref name="feis" /> However, it is intolerant of entirely open areas that get hot and dry.<ref name="ACRRE" /> Fire kills the above-ground portion of the shrub, but it resprouts fairly readily after fire, and in fact [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] in [[California]] and [[Oregon]] used fire to encourage hazelnut growth, as they used hazelnuts for food, baskets, medicine, and other purposes.<ref name="feis" />
| + | {{Ack-Wikipedia}} |
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| − | <gallery>
| + | [[Category:Betulaceae]] |
| − | File:Corylus cornuta catkin Meadowbrook.JPG|Catkins
| + | [[Category:Plants Keenan has eaten]] |
| − | File:Corylus cornuta female flower.jpg|Female flower
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| − | Image:Corylus cornuta, wings.jpg|Wings
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| − | File:Corylus_cornuta_fruit_(5097503079).jpg|Fruit
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| − | Image:Corylus cornuta, nut.jpg|An immature nut
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| − | </gallery>
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| − | | |
| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| − | | |
| − | ==External links==
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| − | * {{Commonscat-inline|Corylus cornuta}}
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| − | * {{Calflora|Corylus cornuta ssp. californica |link=1}}
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| − | * {{Jepson eFlora|80489|Corylus cornuta subsp. californica |first=John O. |last=Sawyer Jr. |date=2012}}
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| − | * {{CalPhotos|Corylus|cornuta}}
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| − | | |
| − | {{-}}
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| − | {{Nuts}}
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q972950}}
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| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Corylus|cornuta]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of North America]] | |
| − | [[Category:Plants described in 1785]] | |
| − | [[Category:Edible nuts and seeds]]
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| − | [[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
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| − | [[Category:Ornamental trees]]
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Beaked hazelnut (Corylus cornuta) is a species of hazelnut native to North America.
About 20 nuts were collected from a single tree in a rural area of Marin. There were many other trees around but some only had catkins (could they be males? is this species dioecious?) and none had a significant number of nuts.
The husks are covered in fine barbed hairs that easily penetrate the skin and are difficult to remove, similar to the glochids of prickly pear but much less painful. After the husks were removed, the shells were cracked by smashing with a blunt object (this was actually less messy than using a pair of pliers as a nutcracker). About half of the nuts were rotten inside but the other half yielded substantial nut meats. These were roasted under an electric broiler until just starting to brown and emit steam, then chopped and enjoyed as an ice cream topping. Similar to commercial hazelnuts.
Acknowledgements
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Corylus cornuta, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
