Category:Moraceae

Moraceae; Temporal range: 80 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Cretaceous - Recent
	Panama rubber tree (Castilla elastica)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Moraceae; Gaudich.
Genera
	See text.

The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1180 species.^[2] Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates. The only synapomorphy within Moraceae is presence of laticifers and milky sap in all parenchymatous tissues, but generally useful field characters include two carpels sometimes with one reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits.^[3] Included are well-known plants such as the fig, banyan, breadfruit, mulberry, and Osage-orange. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often pseudanthia (reduced inflorescences).

Ficus retusa (Moraceae) in Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore

Classification

Formerly included within the now defunct order Urticales, recent molecular studies have resulted in its placement within Rosales in a clade called the urticalean rosids that also includes Ulmaceae, Celtidaceae, Cannabaceae and Urticaceae. Cecropia, which has variously been placed in Moraceae, Urticaceae, or their own family, Cecropiaceae, is now included in Urticaceae.^[4]

Dioecy (having individuals with separate sexes) appears to be the primitive state in Moraceae.^[5] Monoecy has evolved independently at least four times within the family.

Tribes and Genera

Moraceae comprises the following:^[5]^[6]

Artocarpeae Lam. & DC. 1806
- Artocarpus J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (~50 spp.)
- Batocarpus H.Karst. (4 spp.)
- Clarisia Ruiz & Pav. (3 spp.)
- Hullettia King ex Hook.f. (2 spp.)
- Parartocarpus Baill. (3 spp.)
- Prainea King ex Hook.f. (4 spp.)
- Treculia Decne. ex Trécul (3 spp.)

Castilleae C.C.Berg 1977
- Antiaropsineae (C.C.Berg) Clement & Weiblen 2005
  - Antiaropsis K.Schum. (1 sp.)
  - Sparattosyce Bur. (1 sp.)
- Castillineae Clement & Weiblen 2009
  - Antiaris Lesch. (1 sp.)
  - Castilla Cerv. (3 spp.)
  - Helicostylis Trécul (7 spp.)
  - Maquira Aubl. (5 spp.)
  - Mesogyne Engl. (1 sp.)
  - Naucleopsis Miq. (~20 spp.)
  - Perebea Aubl. (9 spp.)
  - Poulsenia Eggers (1 sp.)
  - Pseudolmedia Trécul (~9 spp.)

Dorstenieae Dumort. 1830
- Bleekrodea Blume (3 spp.)
- Bosqueiopsis De Wild. & T.Durand (1 sp.)
- Brosimum Sw. (13 spp.)
- Broussonetia L’Hér. ex Vent. (8 spp.)
- Dorstenia L. (~105 spp.)
- Fatoua Gaudich. (3 spp.)
- Helianthostylis Baill. (2 spp.)
- Malaisia Blanco 1837 (1 sp.)
- Scyphosyce Baill. (2 spp.)
- Sloetia Teijsm. & Binn. ex Kurz 1864 (1 sp.)
- Trilepisium Thouars (1 sp.)
- Trymatococcus Poepp. & Endl. (3 spp.)
- Utsetela Pellegr. (1 sp.)

Ficaeae Gaudich. 1830
- Ficus L. (750 spp.)

Maclureae W.L. Clement & Weiblen 2009
- Maclura Nutt. (11 spp.)

Moreae Dumort. 1829
- Bagassa Aubl. (1 sp.)
- Milicia Sim (2 spp.)
- Morus L. (~12 spp.)
- Sorocea A.St.-Hil. (14 spp.)
- Streblus Lour. (~24 spp.)
- Trophis P.Browne (8 spp.)

Fossils
- †Artocarpoides

Phylogeny

Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Urticaceae (outgroup)

Moraceae

Artocarpeae

	Batocarpus

	Clarisia

Artocarpus

	Parartocarpus

	Prainea

Moreae

Sorocea

Bagassa

	Milicia

	Streblus

	Morus

	Trophis

Maclureae

Maclura

Dorstenieae

Fatoua

	Broussonetia

	Malaisia

	Bleekrodea

	Sloetia

Trilepisium

	Utsetela

	Dorstenia

	Brosimum

	Trymatococcus

	Helianthostylis

Ficeae

Ficus

Castilleae

Antiaropsineae

	Sparattosyce

	Antiaropsis

Castillineae

	Antiaris

	Mesogyne

Naucleopsis

Perebea

Pseudolmedia

Maquira

Helicostylis

	Poulsenia

	Castilla

References

↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
↑ Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. pp. 1–620. ISBN 978-0-878-93407-2.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sytsma KJ, Morawetz J, Pires C, Nepokroeff M, Conti E, Zjhra M, Hall JC, Chase MW. (2002). "Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on rbcL, trnL–F, and ndhF sequences" (PDF). Am J Bot. 89 (89): 1531–1546. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531. PMID 21665755.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Datwyler SL, Weiblen G. (2004). "On the origin of the fig: Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ndhF sequences". Am J Bot. 91 (5): 767–777. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.5.767. PMID 21653431.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Clement WL, Weiblen GD. (2009). "Morphological evolution in the mulberry family (Moraceae)". Syst Bot. 34 (3): 530–552. doi:10.1600/036364409789271155.
↑ Zerega NJC, Clement WL, Datwyler SL, Weiblen GD. (2005). "Biogeography and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae)". Mol Phyl Evol. 37 (2): 402–416. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.004. PMID 16112884.

External links

Moraceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.

Acknowledgements

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Moraceae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Pages in category "Moraceae"

The following 29 pages are in this category, out of 29 total.

[APGIII2009-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06.

[Christenhusz-Byng2016-2] Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.

[3] Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. pp. 1–620. ISBN 978-0-878-93407-2.

[Sytsma-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sytsma KJ, Morawetz J, Pires C, Nepokroeff M, Conti E, Zjhra M, Hall JC, Chase MW. (2002). "Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on rbcL, trnL–F, and ndhF sequences" (PDF). Am J Bot. 89 (89): 1531–1546. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531. PMID 21665755.

[Datwyler-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Datwyler SL, Weiblen G. (2004). "On the origin of the fig: Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ndhF sequences". Am J Bot. 91 (5): 767–777. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.5.767. PMID 21653431.

[Clement-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Clement WL, Weiblen GD. (2009). "Morphological evolution in the mulberry family (Moraceae)". Syst Bot. 34 (3): 530–552. doi:10.1600/036364409789271155.

[Zerega-7] Zerega NJC, Clement WL, Datwyler SL, Weiblen GD. (2005). "Biogeography and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae)". Mol Phyl Evol. 37 (2): 402–416. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.004. PMID 16112884.

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