Difference between revisions of "Actinidia"

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'''''Actinidia''''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|k|t|ᵻ|ˈ|n|ɪ|d|i|ə}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607</ref> is a genus of [[woody plant|woody]] and, with a few exceptions, [[dioecious]] plants native to temperate eastern [[Asia]], occurring throughout most of [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Korea]], and [[Japan]], and extending north to southeast [[Siberia]] and south into [[Indochina]]. The genus includes [[shrub]]s growing to {{convert|6|m|abbr=on}} tall, and vigorous, strong-growing [[vine]]s, growing up to {{convert|30|m|abbr=on}} in tree canopies. They mostly tolerate temperatures down to around −15°C (5°F), and some are much hardier.
 
  
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The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate and simple, with a dentated margin and a long [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. The [[flower]]s are solitary or in axillary [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], usually white, with five small [[petal]]s. Most of the species are [[plant sexuality|dioecious]] with separate male and female plants, but some are [[monoecy|monoecious]]. The [[fruit]] is a large [[berry (botany)|berry]] containing numerous small [[seed]]s; in most species, the fruit is edible. In particular, this genus is known for the species ''[[Actinidia deliciosa]]'', the [[kiwifruit]] or Chinese gooseberry, and for the hardy ornamental ''[[Actinidia kolomikta|A.&nbsp;kolomikta]]''.
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The genus '''''Actinidia''''' contains the common [[kiwifruit]] (''Actinidia deliciosa''), the hardy kiwi or kiwi berry (''[[Actinidia arguta]]''), and many other species whose berries have varying degrees of edibility.
  
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==Fossil record==
 
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''Actinidia'' macrofossils have been recovered from the late [[Zanclean]] stage of [[Pliocene]] sites in [[Pocapaglia]],  [[Italy]].
 
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<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bertini|first1=Adele|last2=Martinetto|first2=Edoardo|year=2008|title=Messinian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy|journal=Bolletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana|volume=47|issue=2|pages=105-121}}</ref>
 
 
== Species ==
 
== Species ==
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[[File:Actinidia fruits.jpg|thumb|''Actinidia'' spp. fruits<br/>A = ''A.&nbsp;arguta'', C = ''A.&nbsp;chinensis'', D&nbsp;=&nbsp;''A.&nbsp;deliciosa'', E = ''A.&nbsp;eriantha'', I&nbsp;=&nbsp;''A.&nbsp;indochinensis'', P = ''A.&nbsp;polygama'', S&nbsp;=&nbsp;''A.&nbsp;setosa'']]
 
The 40–60 [[species]] of ''Actinidia'' include:
 
The 40–60 [[species]] of ''Actinidia'' include:
 
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*''[[Actinidia zhejiangensis]]''
 
*''[[Actinidia zhejiangensis]]''
 
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[[File:Actinidia fruits.jpg|thumb|''Actinidia'' spp. fruits<br/>A = ''A.&nbsp;arguta'', C = ''A.&nbsp;chinensis'', D&nbsp;=&nbsp;''A.&nbsp;deliciosa'', E = ''A.&nbsp;eriantha'', I&nbsp;=&nbsp;''A.&nbsp;indochinensis'', P = ''A.&nbsp;polygama'', S&nbsp;=&nbsp;''A.&nbsp;setosa'']]
 
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== Uses ==
 
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Kiwifruit is a [[cultivar group]] of ''A. deliciosa'', and hardy kiwi is the species ''[[Actinidia arguta]]'', which has small fruit weighing {{convert|10|-|15|g|abbr=on}}, with green edible skins and green flesh; it is hardier than ''A.&nbsp;deliciosa''. Some species are grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, notably ''A.&nbsp;kolomikta''. 
 
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In Japan, ''[[Actinidia polygama]]'' ([[silver vine]]) is noted for having an effect on cats much like that of [[catnip]].  It is mentioned in the saying 猫にまたたび、女郎に小判 (''neko ni matatabi, jorō ni koban'', "[[silver vine]] to a cat, a coin to a prostitute"), meaning to put someone in a good mood by providing that which they most desire.
 
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''A. kolomikta'' is the hardiest species (to about -40°), and has distinctive white- and pink-[[variegation|variegated]] foliage even on wild plants, an unusual phenomenon. Its fruit is very small, weighing {{convert|8|g|abbr=on}} or less.
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
{{Reflist}}
 
{{Reflist}}
  
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==External links==
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{{Ack-Wikipedia}}
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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* [http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/himitunohanazono/miyamamatatabi_himitu_1.htm Images : Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. et Rupr.) Maxim.] - Flavon's Secret Flower Garden
 
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{{Commons category|Actinidia}}
 
  
 
[[Category:Actinidia| ]]
 
[[Category:Actinidia| ]]
 
[[Category:Ericales genera]]
 
[[Category:Ericales genera]]
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[[Category:Extant Eocene first appearances]]
 

Revision as of 18:42, 4 June 2017

Actinidia
Temporal range: Middle Eocene–recent; 45–0 Mya
Actinidia-kolomikta.JPG
Actinidia kolomikta ('Arctic Beauty')
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Actinidiaceae
Genus: Actinidia
Lindl.
Type species
Actinidia callosa [1]
Lindl.

The genus Actinidia contains the common kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), the hardy kiwi or kiwi berry (Actinidia arguta), and many other species whose berries have varying degrees of edibility.

Species

Actinidia spp. fruits
A = A. arguta, C = A. chinensis, D = A. deliciosa, E = A. eriantha, I = A. indochinensis, P = A. polygama, S = A. setosa

The 40–60 species of Actinidia include:

References

  1. ↑ Xin-Wei Li & Jian-Qiang Li (2007). "Lectotypification of Actinidia". Nordic Journal of Botany. 25 (5–6): 294–295. doi:10.1111/j.0107-055X.2008.00166.x.
  2. ↑ Manchester, S.R. (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon". Palaeontographica Americana. 58: 30–31.

Acknowledgements

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Actinidia, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

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