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| − | {{About|the fruit also known as Yellow Mamey|the Red Mamey|Pouteria sapota}}
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| − | {{redirect|Abricó|the true apricot|Prunus armeniaca}}
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| − | {{More citations needed|article|date=August 2008}}
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| − | {{italic title}}
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| | {{Speciesbox | | {{Speciesbox |
| | |name = Mammee apple | | |name = Mammee apple |
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| − | '''''Mammea americana''''', commonly known as '''mammee''', '''mammee apple''', '''mamey''', '''mamey apple''', '''Santo Domingo apricot''', '''tropical apricot''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/2340/12fruits.pdf?sequence=1|title=Twelve Fruits with Potential Value-Added and Culinary Uses |vauthors=Love K, Bowen R, Fleming K |year=2007|publisher=Honolulu (HI): University of Hawaii}}</ref> or '''South American apricot''', is an [[evergreen]] tree of the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Calophyllaceae]], whose fruit is edible. It has also been classified as belonging to the family [[Guttiferae]] <small>[[Juss.]] (1789)</small>, which would make it a relative of the [[mangosteen]].<ref>Morton, J. 1987. [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mamey.html Mamey]. p. 304–307. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.</ref>
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| − | | + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
| − | In certain Latin American countries, ''Mammea americana'' is referred to as "yellow mamey" ({{lang-es|mamey amarillo}})<ref>[http://www.ecured.cu/Mamey_amarillo Ecured - Mamey amarillo]</ref> in order to distinguish it from the unrelated but similar looking ''[[Pouteria sapota]]'', whose fruit is usually called "red mamey" ({{lang|es|mamey colorado}} or {{lang|es|mamey rojo}}).<ref>[http://www.ecured.cu/Mamey_colorado Ecured - Mamey colorado]</ref>
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| − | ==Description==
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| − | ===Tree===
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| − | [[File:Mammea americana leaves.jpg|thumb|leaves]]
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| − | The mammee tree is {{convert|18|m|abbr=on}} – {{convert|21|m|abbr=on}} high and is similar in appearance to the southern magnolia ''([[Magnolia grandiflora]])''.<ref>Morton, J. 1987. [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mamey.html Mamey]. p. 304–307. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.</ref> Its trunk is short and reaches {{convert|1.9|m|abbr=on}} - {{convert|1.2|m|abbr=on}} in diameter. The tree's upright branches form an oval head. Its dark-green [[foliage]] is quite dense, with opposite, leathery, elliptic leaves. The leaves can reach {{convert|10|cm|abbr=on}} wide and twice as long.
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| − | The mammee flower is fragrant, has 4 or 6 white [[petal]]s, and reaches {{convert|2.5|cm|abbr=on}} – {{convert|4|cm|abbr=on}} wide when fully blossomed. The flowers are borne either singly or in clusters of two or three, on short stalks. There can be, in a single flower, [[pistil]]s, [[stamen]]s or both, so there can be male, female or [[hermaphrodite]] flowers on one tree.
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| − | ===Fruit===
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| − | [[File:Mamey de Cartagena de Indias.jpg|thumb|right|upright=|A mammee apple]]
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| − | The mammee apple is a [[Berry (botany)|berry]], though it is often misinterpreted to be a [[drupe]]. It is round or slightly irregular, with a brown or grey-brown {{convert|3|mm|abbr=on}} thick rind. In fact, the rind consists of the [[pericarp|exocarp]] and [[pericarp|mesocarp]] of the fruit, while the pulp is formed from the [[pericarp|endocarp]]. The [[Plant stem|stem]] is thick and short. The mammee apple has more or less visible floral remnant at the [[Apical meristem|apex]].
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| − | Mammee apples' diameter ranges from {{convert|10|cm|abbr=on}} to {{convert|20|cm|abbr=on}}. When unripe, the fruit is hard and heavy, but its flesh slightly softens when fully ripe. Beneath the skin, there is a white, dry membrane, whose taste is [[astringent]], that adheres to the flesh. The flesh is orange or yellow, not fibrous, and can have various textures (crispy or juicy, firm or tender). Generally, the flesh smell is pleasant and appetizing.
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| − | Small fruits contain a single seed, while larger ones might have up to four. The seeds are brown, rough, oval and around {{convert|abbr=on|6|cm}} long. The juice of the seed leaves an indelible stain.
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| − | ===Propagation===
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| − | Propagation can be done by seed. [[Germination]] takes place from 60–260 days. [[Grafting]] is the preferred method of propagation.
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| − | ==Distribution and habitat==
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| − | The tree comes from tropical [[South America]]. In 1529, it was included by Oviedo in his ''Review of the Fruits of the New World''. It was then introduced to various regions in the Old World: [[West Africa]], particularly [[Sierra Leone]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Hawaii]]. In the [[United States]], the species is uniquely found in [[Hawaii]] and [[Florida]]. In the latter state, mammee apples were probably introduced from the [[Bahamas]].
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| − | The mammea apple tree is confined to tropical or subtropical climates. In [[Central America]], the species is found to grow up to an altitude of 1,000 m. It thrives best in rich, deep and well-drained [[soil]], but is very adaptive; it also grows on [[limestone]] in [[Jamaica]], in the [[oolite|oolithic]] limestone of the Bahamas, and on ancient [[coral]] bedrock in [[Barbados]] as well as coral cays off the coast of [[Florida]].
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| − | The tree is very sensitive to low temperatures, but seems remarkably resistant to [[pest (animal)|pest]]s and [[disease]]s.
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | {{nutritional value | name=Mammy-apple, (mamey), raw
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| − | | kJ=213
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| − | | protein=0.5 g
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| − | | fat=0.5 g
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| − | | carbs=12.5 g
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| − | | fiber=3 g
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| − | | calcium_mg=11
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| − | | iron_mg=0.7
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| − | | magnesium_mg=16
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| − | | phosphorus_mg=11
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| − | | potassium_mg=47
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| − | | sodium_mg=15
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| − | | zinc_mg=0.1
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| − | | vitC_mg=14
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| − | | thiamin_mg=0.02
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| − | | riboflavin_mg=0.04
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| − | | niacin_mg=0.4
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| − | | pantothenic_mg=0.103
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| − | | vitB6_mg=0.1
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| − | | folate_ug=14
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| − | | vitA_ug=12
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| − | | source_usda = 1
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| − | | note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=09175&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
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| − | }}
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| − | ===Traditional medicine===
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| − | In [[Trinidad & Tobago]], the grated seeds are mixed with rum or coconut oil to treat [[head lice]] and [[chiggers]].<ref>Mendes (1986), p. 94.</ref>
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| − | Underripe fruits are rich in [[pectin]], and the tree bark is high in [[tannin]].
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| − | ===Culinary interest===
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| − | Though edible, this fruit has received little attention worldwide.
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| − | The raw flesh can be served in [[fruit salad]]s, or with [[wine]], [[sugar]] or [[cream]], especially in Jamaica. In the Bahamas, the flesh is first put in salted water to remove its bitterness, before cooking it with much sugar to make a sort of [[jam]]. The flesh can also be consumed stewed.
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| − | In the French West Indies, an aromatic [[liqueur]], ''{{lang|fr|[[eau créole]]}}'', or ''{{lang|fr|crème créole}}'', is distilled from the mammee flowers. This liqueur is believed to be tonic or digestive.
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| − | ===Other===
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| − | Various parts of the tree contain [[insecticide|insecticidal]] substances, especially the seed kernel. In Puerto Rico, mammee leaves are wrapped around young tomato plants to keep [[mole cricket]]s and [[cutworm]]s away. In a similar way, the bark gum is melted with fat in Jamaica and [[Mexico]], then applied to feet to repel [[chigger]]s or [[flea]]s on animals. The same effect is also obtained from [[infusion]]s of half-ripe fruits.
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| − | In the [[Virgin Islands]], the [[tannin]] from the bark is used to [[Tanning (leather)|tan]] leather. The mammee timber is heavy and hard, yet easy to work; it has received, however, only limited commercial interest.
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| − | ==Footnotes==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| − | ==References==
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| − | *Mendes, John (1986). ''Cote ce Cote la: Trinidad & Tobago Dictionary''. [[Arima]], Trinidad.
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | {{Commons category|Mammea americana}}
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| − | *{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Mammee Apple |short=x}}
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q1888040}}
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| − | [[Category:Mammea|americana]] | |
| − | [[Category:Tropical agriculture]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Guyana]]
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| − | [[Category:Medicinal plants]]
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| − | [[Category:Plants described in 1753]] | |
| − | [[Category:Flora of South America]]
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