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| − | '''Lepidobotryaceae''' is a [[Angiosperm|flowering plant]] [[Family (biology)|family]] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Celastrales]].<ref name="familyinapw">"Lepidobotryaceae" In: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below).</ref> It contains only two genera, each with a single species: ''[[Lepidobotrys|Lepidobotrys staudtii]]'' and ''[[Ruptiliocarpon|Ruptiliocarpon caracolito]]''.<ref name="kubitzki2004">Klaus Kubitzky. "Lepidobotryaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.'''VI'''. Springer-Verlag: Berlin,Heidelberg, Germany (2004).</ref><ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref>
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| − | == Description ==
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| − | The Lepidobotryaceae are [[dioecious]] trees. The leaves are alternate and arranged in two rows along the stems. The blade is elliptical in shape and the margin is [[entire leaf|entire]]. The leaves appear [[Compound leaf|simple]], but are actually [[unifoliate]]. A unifoliate leaf is a type of [[compound leaf]] that consists of a single leaflet mounted on the end of a [[rachis]]. A joint occurs where the leaflet is attached to the rachis.<ref name="glossary">Glossary In: Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. In: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below).</ref> In Lepidobotryaceae, this joint bears a single, elongate [[Stipule|stipel]] and a pair of small [[stipules]] where the [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] attaches to the stem. After the emergence of the leaf, the stipel and stipules soon fall away.
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| − | The flowers are produced in small [[inflorescence]]s opposite the leaves.<ref name="hammel1993">Barry E. Hammel, and Nelson A. Zamora (1993). "''Ruptiliocarpon'' (Lepidobotryaceae): A New Arborescent Genus and Tropical American Link to Africa, with a Reconsideration of the Family". ''Novon'' '''3'''(4):408-417.</ref> They are small and greenish with five [[sepal]]s and five [[petal]]s. The sepals and petals are similar in size and appearance, free from each other, or very shortly united at the base. In the flower bud, the sepals are arranged [[Quincuncial aestivation|quincuncially]]. This means that two are inside, two are outside, and one of them has one margin exposed and the other covered.<ref name="jackson1928">Benjamin D. Jackson. ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms''. Duckworth: London (1928).</ref> The [[nectar]]y disk is fleshy in ''Lepidobotrys'', but extended into a tube in ''Ruptiliocarpon''.<ref name="kubitzki2004"/> The [[stamen]]s are in two [[Whorl (botany)|whorls]] of five, one whorl opposite the sepals and the other opposite the petals. Those in the outer whorl, opposite the sepals, are longer. The [[Stamen|filament]]s are fused at the base, shortly in ''Lepidobotrys'', but forming an extension of the tubular nectary in ''Ruptiliocarpon''. The pollen is produced in four [[theca]]e on each anther. The stigmas are elongated, appearing as false [[Gynoecium|style]]s, known as [[stylodium|stylodia]].<ref name="kubitzki2004"/>
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| − | The [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]] is located inside the flower, rather than below. It has two or three [[locule]]s, with two [[ovule]]s per locule. The ovules are attached to the partition that separates the locules, near its summit. The fruit is a [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] with one, or rarely, two seeds. The seeds are black and partly covered with an orange [[aril]].
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| − | In 2000, a DNA analysis of the eudicots based on the [[RuBisCO large subunit|''rbcL'']] gene showed that the families Lepidobotryaceae, [[Parnassiaceae]], and [[Celastraceae]] form a strongly supported [[clade]].<ref name="savolainen2000">Vincent Savolainen, Michael F. Fay, Dirk C. Albach, Anders Backlund, Michelle van der Bank, Kenneth M. Cameron, S.A. Johnson, M. Dolores Lledo, Jean-Christophe Pintaud, Martyn P. Powell, Mary Clare Sheahan, Douglas E. Soltis, [[Pamela S. Soltis]], Peter Weston, W. Mark Whitten, Kenneth J. Wurdack and Mark W. Chase (2000). "Phylogeny of the eudicots: a nearly complete familial analysis based on ''rbcL'' gene sequences". ''Kew Bulletin'' '''55'''(2):257-309.</ref> The authors of this study recommended that these three families constitute the order Celastrales. This result was strongly supported by later studies.<ref name="zhang2006">Li-Bing Zhang and Mark P. Simmons (2006). "Phylogeny and Delimitation of the Celastrales Inferred from Nuclear and Plastid Genes". ''Systematic Botany'' '''31'''(1):122-137.</ref><ref name="wang2009">Hengchang Wang, Michael J. Moore, Pamela S. Soltis, Charles D. Bell, Samuel F. Brockington, Roolse Alexandre, Charles C. Davis, Maribeth Latvis, Steven R. Manchester, and Douglas E. Soltis (2009). "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests". ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''106'''(10):3853-3858. 10Mar2009.</ref>
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| − | The families into which ''Lepidobotrys'' had usually been placed, Linaceae and Oxalidaceae, are now placed in the orders [[Malpighiales]] and [[Oxalidales]], respectively, which are closely related to Celastrales. The orders Celastrales, Oxalidales, and Malpighiales, along with the unplaced family [[Huaceae]] form a group known as the COM clade of the [[rosids]].<ref name="wang2009"/>
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| | == References == | | == References == |
| | {{reflist}} | | {{reflist}} |
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | *[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/celastralesweb.html#Lepidobotryaceae Lepidobotryaceae] in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards).
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| − | * [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html Botanic Glossary]
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| − | * [http://www.botanicus.org/item/21753000028307 Adolf Engler 1902] in ''Bot. Jahrb.''
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| − | * [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3666585?seq=1 Jean Leonard 1950]
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| | [[Category:Celastrales]] | | [[Category:Celastrales]] |
| − | [[Category:Rosid families]]
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