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| − | '''''Bouea macrophylla''''', commonly known as '''gandaria''' in English, is a species of [[flowering plant]] native to [[Southeast Asia]]. The tree belongs to the [[Anacardiaceae]] family which also includes [[mango]] and [[cashew]].
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| − | ==Description==
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| − | [[File:Bouea macrop Fr 080109-3217 tdp.jpg|thumb|left|A young gandaria fruit in [[Java]]. Ripened ones are yellow-orange.]]
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| − | [[File:Bouea_macrop_Lv_070705-0024_ipb.jpg|thumb|left|Gandaria leaf in [[Java]]]]
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| − | The [[evergreen]] tree grows to heights of 25 meters. Its leaves are lanceolate to elliptic in shape (see: [[Leaf shape]]), and range from 13 to 45 cm (5 to 17 inches) long and from 5 to 7 cm (2 to 3 inches) wide.
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| − | The fruit (resembling a mango) are green in colour and mature to an orange/yellow, with the seed being pink. They grow to roughly 2 to 5 cm (0.7 to 1.9 inches) in [[diameter]]. The entire fruit, including its skin is edible. The fruit range from sweet to sour in flavour, and have a light smell of [[turpentine]].
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| − | Flowering and fruiting times differ for [[Thailand]] and [[Indonesia]].
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| − | *Thailand : flowers in November to December, and fruit appears from April to May.
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| − | *Indonesia : flowers in June to November, and fruit appears from March to June.
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| − | ==Distribution==
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| − | The tree is native to [[Malaysia]], [[West Java]], [[Burma]] and [[North Sumatra]]. It is also found in [[Thailand]], [[Laos]], [[Indonesia]], and [[Malaysia]], where it is commercially grown.
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| − | Naturally, it can usually not be found above an altitude of 305 meters (1000 ft), but has been cultivated at altitudes of about 850 meters (2789 ft).{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}
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| − | [[File:Buah Remia Siam.jpg|thumb|Ripe ''Bouea macrophylla'' or Buah Remia/Setar/Kundang sold in [[Malaysia]]]]
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| − | <!-- Still to do ==Cultivation== -->
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | ===Consumption===
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| − | Both the leaves and fruit from the tree can be eaten. The leaves can be eaten raw when they are still young, and can be used in [[salad]]s. While the seed is edible, the [[endosperm]] is generally bitter. Fruit can be eaten raw, or made into dishes such as [[Pickling|pickle]], [[compote]], or [[sambal]]. Unripened fruit can be used to make [[rojak]] and [[asinan]].<ref>"West Australian Nut and Tree Crops Association". WANATCA Yearbook (ISSN 0312-8997), Vol. 20, p. 42 (1996).</ref>
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| − | ===Functional===
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| − | The entire tree can be used as an ornamental fruit bearing [[shade tree]] due to its dense foliage.<ref>[http://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/bouea_burmanica.htm TopTropicals plant catalog]</ref>
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| − | ==Other names==
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| − | ''Bouea macrophylla'' is commonly known in [[English language|English]] as the "marian plum", "gandaria", and "plum mango". It is also known in [[Thai language|Thai]] as ''ma praang'' (มะปราง) and ''ma-yong''; in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] as ''ramania'' and ''gandaria''; in [[Burmese language|Burmese]] as ''mayan-thee'' (မရမ်းသီး); and in [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] as ''thanh trà''
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| − | In [[Malay language|Malay]], the tree is known as ''kundang'', ''rembunia'', and ''setar'', and is the origin of the [[toponym]] [[Alor Setar]] (with ''alor'' meaning "small stream").
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| − | In 2015 a major retailer introduced the fruit to the British public under the name ''plango'', apparently a [[portmanteau word]] for "plum" and "mango".<ref>Fresh Plaza announcement[http://www.freshplaza.com/article/137865/New-fruit-Plango-launched]</ref> At the time the announcements noted the resemblance of the fruit to plums and mangoes, and some of the local press deliberately or naively announced that the fruit was a cross between a plum and a mango,<ref>Plango press announcement [https://nation.com.pk/05-Apr-2015/plango-goes-on-sale]</ref> which is not botanically plausible without genetic engineering, given that plums and mangoes are not even in the same family; they are in fact members of the [[Rosaceae]] and [[Anacardiaceae]] respectively.
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}} | |
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| − | ==Sources==
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| − | [https://web.archive.org/web/20120210055356/http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/B/Bouea_macrophylla.asp Bouea macrophylla taxonomy]<br>
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| − | [http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/004/AB777E/ab777e04.htm#bm4.3 Species with potential for commercial development]<br>
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| − | [http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:46:2242544988366156::NO::module,source,akzanz,rehm,akzname,taxid:mf,botnam,0,,Bouea%20macrophylla,28219 Mansfeld database]<br>
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| − | [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207190042/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18075 AgroForestryTree Database]
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q1493371}}
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| | [[Category:Anacardiaceae]] | | [[Category:Anacardiaceae]] |
| − | [[Category:Fruits originating in Asia]] | + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
| | + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat in Southeast Asia]] |
