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| − | '''''Cornus'' × ''unalaschkensis''''' is a species of flowering plant in the [[Cornaceae]], the dogwood family. Common names for the plant include '''Alaskan bunchberry''',<ref name=bc/> '''western cordilleran bunchberry''',<ref name=usda/><ref name=mich/><ref name=itis/> or simply '''western bunchberry'''.<ref name=burke/>
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| − | The species is native to the west coast of North America from [[Alaska]] to [[California]],<ref name=usda/> as well as [[Magadan Oblast|Magadan]] in [[Russia]].<ref name=grin/> In the northwestern United States it is a common plant,<ref name=turner/> even abundant.<ref name=burke/>
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| − | This is a [[rhizome|rhizomatous]] subshrub with stems up to 20 centimeters tall. Leaves are borne in a whorl and are oval in shape and up to 8 centimeters long.<ref name=burke/> The leaves are hairless to hairy.<ref name=bc/> Flowers are borne in a cyme [[inflorescence]], but are much smaller than the four white or pinkish [[bract]]s surrounding them. These bracts are 1 or 2 centimeters long; the petals at the center are only about a millimeter long. The fruit is a bright red [[drupe]] 6 to 8 millimeters in length.<ref name=burke/>
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| − | Its habitat includes forests and [[bog]]s, especially with layers of decaying matter.<ref name=wnps/>
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| − | The [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]] of this plant is not entirely certain.<ref name=murr/> This particular plant is not always considered a species in its own right. It is sometimes called a [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]], or ''Cornus'' × ''unalaschkensis''.<ref name=kew/> Sometimes it is listed as the same species as ''[[Cornus canadensis]]''.<ref name=wnps/> However, many authors consider it to be an [[allopolyploid]], with [[chromosome]]s descended from ''C. canadensis'' and ''[[Cornus suecica|C. suecica]]''.<ref name=bc/><ref name=grin/> The three species can be told apart by careful examination of the petal and leaf morphology.<ref name=bc/> Also, ''C. unalaschensis'' does not usually grow in the same regions as the other two plants.<ref name=bc/>
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| − | The fruit of this plant is edible, and has been used for food by various [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] groups, such as the [[Nuxalk Nation|Bella Coola]] and [[Kitasoo]]. For example, the [[Haisla people|Haisla]] mixed the berries with [[eulachon|oolichan]] grease and served the mash for dessert.<ref name=mich/>
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| − | {{Commons|Cornus unalaschkensis}}
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
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| | <ref name=bc>{{ cite web |author=Sinclair, Walter Bruce |title=E-Flora Atlas page for ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' Ledeb. |work=E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia |editor=Klinkenberg, Brian |url=http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Cornus%20unalaschkensis |location=Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, [[University of British Columbia, Vancouver]] |year=2013 |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> | | <ref name=bc>{{ cite web |author=Sinclair, Walter Bruce |title=E-Flora Atlas page for ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' Ledeb. |work=E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Flora of British Columbia |editor=Klinkenberg, Brian |url=http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Cornus%20unalaschkensis |location=Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, [[University of British Columbia, Vancouver]] |year=2013 |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> |
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| − | <ref name=burke>{{ cite web |author=David Giblin |title=WTU Herbarium Image Collection – Burke Museum page for ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' (western bunchberry) |publisher=[[Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture]], and the [[Washington Native Plant Society]] |location=[[University of Washington]], [[Seattle|Seattle, WA]] |year=2013 |url=http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Cornus&Species=unalaschkensis |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{ cite web |url=https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?413222 |title=''Cornus unalaschkensis'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network|GRIN]] |quote=Comment: probably of hybrid origin, ''C. canadensis'' × ''C. suecica'' |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[Beltsville, Maryland]] |date=May 15, 2009 |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | <ref name=itis>{{ cite web |title=ITIS Standard Report Page:''Cornus unalaschkensis'' |date=March 8, 2013 |work=Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=27819 |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | <ref name=kew>{{ cite web |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew page for ''Cornus'' × ''unalaschkensis'' Ledeb. |publisher=Board of Trustees of the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |editor=[[Rafaël Herman Anna Govaerts|R. Govaerts]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?page=quickSearch&plantName=Cornus+unalaschkensis |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | <ref name=mich>{{ cite web |url=http://herb.umd.umich.edu/herb/search.pl?searchstring=Cornus+unalaschkensis |author=Dan Moerman |title=Search for ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' |work=Native American Ethnobotany Database |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |location=[[Dearborn, Michigan]] |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | <ref name=murr>{{ cite journal |author=[[Zack Ernest Murrell|Murrell, Z. E.]] |title=Dwarf dogwoods: Intermediacy and the morphological landscape |journal=[[Systematic Botany]] |publisher=[[American Society of Plant Taxonomists]] |year=1994 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=539–56 |url=https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2419776?uid=3739560&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101630971273 |doi=10.2307/2419776}}</ref>
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| | <ref name=tpl>''Cornus unalaschkensis'', treated as ''Cornus'' × ''unalaschkensis'' {{ cite web |url= | | <ref name=tpl>''Cornus unalaschkensis'', treated as ''Cornus'' × ''unalaschkensis'' {{ cite web |url= |
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| | <ref name=trop>''Cornus unalaschkensis'' was originally described and published in ''Flora Rossica'' 2: 378. 1844. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/8700022 |title=Name - ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' Lebed. |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> | | <ref name=trop>''Cornus unalaschkensis'' was originally described and published in ''Flora Rossica'' 2: 378. 1844. {{ cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/8700022 |title=Name - ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' Lebed. |work=Tropicos |publisher=[[Missouri Botanical Garden]] |location=[[Saint Louis, Missouri]] |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> |
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| − | <ref name=turner>{{ cite web |author=Mark Turner |title=''Cornus unaiaschkensis'' <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> - bunchberry - Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest |publisher=Turner Photographics |location=[[Bellingham, Washington|Bellingham,WA]] |url=http://www.pnwflowers.com/flower/cornus-unalaschkensis |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | <ref name=usda>{{ cite web |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COUN |title=Profile for ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' Ledeb. (western cordilleran bunchberry) |work=PLANTS Database |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Natural Resources Conservation Service|NRCS]] |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | <ref name=wnps>{{ cite web |author=James Ellingboe (photographs) |title=Washington Native Plant Society: Photograph of ''Cornus unalaschkensis'' |publisher=[[Washington Native Plant Society]] |year=2000–2013 |url=http://www.wnps.org/plants/cornus_unalaschkensis.html |accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>
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| − | ==External links==
| + | [[Category:Cornaceae]] |
| − | *Spurgeon, C. [http://seattletimes.com/html/homegarden/2003970284_gardennative24.html Bunchberry (''Cornus unalaschkensis'').] ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' October 24, 2007.
| + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q5171928}}
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| − | [[Category:Cornus|unalaschkensis]]
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| − | [[Category:Hybrid plants]] | |
| − | [[Category:Plants described in 1844]] | |
