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| − | '''''Genipa americana''''' is a [[species]] of [[tree]]s in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Rubiaceae]]. It is native to the [[tropical forest]]s of [[North America|North]] and [[South America]].
| + | [[Category:Rubiaceae]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
| − | ==Description==
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| − | ''G. americana'' [[tree]]s are up to 30 m tall and up to 60 cm dbh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=|title=Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands|last=Liogier|first=Alain H.|date=1985|publisher=La Editorial, UPR|year=|isbn=9780847723386|location=|pages=97|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Francis|first=Macbride, J.|last2=E.|first2=Dahlgren, B.|date=1936|title=Flora of Peru /|url=|journal=Fieldiana|language=en|volume=v.13:pt.6:no.1 [Rubiaceae]|pages=106|via=}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=|title=Manual de identificación de especies forestales con manejo certificable por comunidades|last=López|first=René|last2=Montero|first2=Martín|date=2005|publisher=Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas "SINCHI"|year=|isbn=9789589759745|location=|pages=|language=es|chapter=27 - Genipa americana}}</ref> Their bark is smooth with little fissures.<ref name=":3" /> The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite, obovate, or obovate oblong, 10–35 cm long, 6–13 cm wide, and glossy dark green, with entire margin, acute or acuminate apex, and attenuated base.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=|title=Food and Fruit-bearing Forest Species: Examples from Latin America|last=|first=|date=1986|publisher=FAO|year=|isbn=9789251023723|location=|pages=141|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> The inflorescences are cymes up to 10 cm long.<ref name=":2" /> The [[flower]]s are white to yellowish, slightly fragrant, [[Sepal|calyx]] bell-shaped, [[Petal|corolla]] at 2–4.5 cm long, trumpet-shaped, and five- or six-lobed.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":02" /> The five short [[stamen]]s are inserted on top of the corolla tube.<ref name=":0" /> The [[fruit]] is a thick-skinned edible greyish [[berry (botany)|berry]] 10–12 cm long, 5–9 cm in diameter.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />[[File:Genipa americana L. - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil.jpg|left|thumb|Tree of ''Genipa americana''.]]
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| − | [[File:Genipa americana L. - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil (12).jpg|left|thumb|316x316px|Leaves and fruits of ''G. americana'']] | |
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| − | ==Distribution and habitat==
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| − | ''G. americana'' is native to the [[tropical forest]]s of the [[Americas]], from tropical [[Florida]] south to [[Argentina]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=|title=Dictionary of Trees, Volume 2: South America: Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Ecology|last=Grandtner|first=M. M.|last2=Chevrette|first2=Julien|date=2013|publisher=Academic Press|year=|isbn=9780123969545|location=|pages=263|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=|title=Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: (Except Ornamentals)|last=Hanelt|first=Peter|last2=Research|first2=Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant|date=2001|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=|isbn=9783540410171|location=|pages=1775|language=en}}</ref> It is present from sea level up to 1200 m of elevation,<ref name=":3" /> although some argue the original native range as being northern [[South America]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=|title=Exotic Fruits and Nuts of the New World|last=Duarte|first=Odilo|last2=Paull|first2=Robert|date=2015|publisher=CABI|year=|isbn=9781780645056|location=|pages=284–285|language=en}}</ref>
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| − | == Vernacular names ==
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| − | [[Colombia]]: ''jagua, caruto, huito'';<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> [[Brazil]]: ''genipapo'';<ref name=":3" /> [[Costa Rica]]: ''guaitil, tapaculo'';<ref name=":3" /> [[Nicaragua]]: ''tapaculo, yigualtí'';<ref name=":3" /> [[Mexico]]:'' shagua, xagua'';<ref name=":3" /> [[Peru|Perú]]: ''huito, vito'';<ref name=":5" /> [[Argentina]]: ''ñandipá'';<ref name=":5" /> [[Bolivia]]:'' bí''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diccionario enciclopédico cruceño, 3rd edition|last=Coimbra Sanz|first=Germán|publisher=Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Santa Cruz|year=2014|isbn=|location=Santa Cruz de la Sierra|pages=54}}</ref>
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| − | ==Chemical compounds==
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| − | The following compounds have been isolated from ''G. americana'': genipic acid,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=|title=Dictionary of Terpenoids|last=Connolly|first=J.D.|last2=Hill|first2=R.A.|date=1991|publisher=CRC Press|year=|isbn=9780412257704|volume=1|location=|pages=49–50|language=en}}</ref> genipinic acid,<ref name=":4" /> [[genipin]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=|title=Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV|last=Bajaj|first=Y. P. S.|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|year=|isbn=9783642770043|location=|pages=164|language=en}}</ref> (all three from the fruit) and [[geniposidic acid]] (leaves).<ref name=":4" />
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | The unripe fruit of ''G. americana'' yields a liquid used as a dye for tattoos, skin painting and insect repellent.<ref name=":1" />
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| − | This species is also cultivated for its edible [[fruit]]s, which are eaten in preserves or made into drinks, jelly, or [[ice cream]].<ref name=":1" />
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| − | The wood is reported to be resistant, strong, and easily worked; it is used in the making of utensils and in construction and carpentry.<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":3" />
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[Jagua tattoo]]
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist|2}}
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | {{Commonscat|Genipa americana}}
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| − | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q1353278}}
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| − | [[Category:Gardenieae]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Brazil]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Colombia]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Costa Rica]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Cuba]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Ecuador]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of El Salvador]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of French Guiana]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Guadeloupe]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Guatemala]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Guyana]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Hispaniola]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Honduras]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Martinique]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Southeastern Mexico]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Southwestern Mexico]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Veracruz]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Nicaragua]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Panama]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Paraguay]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Peru]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Puerto Rico]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Suriname]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Venezuela]]
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| − | [[Category:Plants described in 1759]]
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| − | [[Category:Trees of Argentina]]
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| − | [[Category:Fruits originating in South America]]
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