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| − | '''''Oemleria cerasiformis''''', a [[shrub]] commonly known as '''osoberry'''<ref name="BSBI07">{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> or '''Indian plum''',<ref name="USDA" /> is the sole species in [[genus]] '''''Oemleria'''''. | + | '''Osoberry''' or '''Indian plum''' |
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| − | Native to the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] [[Pacific coast|coast]] and [[Pacific Coast Ranges|ranges]] of [[North America]], from [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]] to [[Santa Barbara County]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.A.]],<ref name=USDA>{{cite web | url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=OECE | title=USDA PLANTS Profile: ''Oemleria cerasiformis'' }}</ref> it is among the first plants to leaf out and flowers early in the spring. It reaches a height of 1.5–5 m and has lance-shaped leaves 5–12 cm long.
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| − | The fruits of osoberry are edible and resemble small plums which are dark blue when ripe.<ref>{{cite book|author=Turner, Nancy J.|title=Food Plants of Coastal First Peoples|publisher=UBC Press|year=1995|isbn=9780774805339|page=114|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5FrgwZwx1wC&pg=PA114}}</ref> [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas]] include osoberry in their diets, make [[tea]] of the [[Bark (botany)|bark]], and chew its twigs to use as a mild [[anesthetic]] and [[aphrodisiac]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Pojar | first = Jim |author2=Andy MacKinnon | title = Plants of the Pacific Northwest | publisher = [[Lone Pine Publishing]] | year = 2004 | pages = 72 | isbn = 978-1-55105-530-5}}</ref>
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| − | ==Description==
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| − | Osoberry is an erect, loosely branched shrub reaching {{convert|15|ft|m}} in height. Leaves are alternate, simple, deciduous; generally elliptical or oblong, {{convert|2|-|5|in|cm}}, light green and smooth above and paler below; margins are entire to wavy; fresh foliage smells and may taste like cucumber. Among the first plants to leaf-out in the spring. The plants are [[dioecious]];<ref name=VirginiaTech/> male and female flowers occur on different plants. The flowers are whitish-green, bell-shaped, often appear in late winter before the leaves, and are about 1 cm across. The bitter-tasting fruit occurs in ovoid drupes up to {{convert|0.5|in|cm}} long, orange or yellow when young but blue-black when mature; borne on a red stem. The twig is slender, green turning to reddish brown, pith chambered, conspicuous orange lenticles. Bark is smooth, reddish brown to dark gray.<ref name=VirginiaTech>{{cite web | url=http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=220 | title=''Oemleria cerasiformis'' Fact Sheet|publisher=Virginia Tech
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | {{Unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}
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| − | The wood is exceptionally strong and fine grained. With stems generally less than two inches [5 cm] in diameter, this small size limits the size of products that can be made from it. The fairly common straight shoots make fine primitive arrows and the rare, large enough and straight stem can be fashioned into an excellent [[self bow]]. It is also suitable for small wooden tools such as spoons, combs, knitting needles, etc. The fine grain and lack of significant figure also make the wood well suited for fine detail carving.
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| − | The Pacific coast tribes utilized its fruit, twigs, and bark, as food sources and for teas and medicine. It is one of the first tree-borne fruits to ripen in summer and as such was prized by indigenous peoples and wildlife alike. Fruiting is highly variable, with sunny locations producing more, as well as larger and sweeter fruits.
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| − | Indian Plum is "shrubby" - often with multiple trunks and horizontal growth. Sagging branches that touch the ground root readily and separate, so large trees are often surrounded by genetic clones.
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| − | ==Images==
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | Image:Oemleria cerasiformis 15165.JPG|Fruits of ''O. cerasiformis''
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| − | Image:Indian_Plum.JPG|An Indian plum shrub as its leaves begin to yellow in mid-summer, [[Pierce County, Washington]]
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| − | </gallery>
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| | == References == | | == References == |
| | {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
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| − | ==External links==
| + | [[Category:Rosaceae]] |
| − | * {{Commons-inline}}
| + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
| − | * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6813,6814 Jepson Manual Treatment]
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| − | * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Oemleria+cerasiformis Photo gallery]
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q919244}}
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| − | [[Category:Amygdaloideae]] | |
| − | [[Category:Monotypic Rosaceae genera]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of the Northwestern United States]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of Oregon]] | |
