Difference between revisions of "Fragaria chiloensis"

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(Created page with "{{taxobox | image = Fragariachileonsis.jpg | regnum = Plantae | unranked_divisio = Angiosperms | unranked_classis = Eudicots | unranked_ordo = Rosids | ordo =...")
 
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{{taxobox
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{{speciesbox
 
| image = Fragariachileonsis.jpg
 
| image = Fragariachileonsis.jpg
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
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| genus = Fragaria
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
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| species = chiloensis
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
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| authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Philip Miller|Mill.]]
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| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
 
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| ordo = [[Rosales]]
 
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| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
 
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| genus = ''[[Fragaria]]''
 
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| species = '''''F. chiloensis'''''
 
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| binomial = ''Fragaria chiloensis''
 
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| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Philip Miller|Mill.]]
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
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==References==
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'''''Fragaria chiloensis''''', the '''beach strawberry''', '''Chilean strawberry''', or '''coastal strawberry''', is one of two species of [[Fragaria|wild strawberry]] that were [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridized]] to create the modern [[garden strawberry]] (''F. × ananassa'').  It is noted for its large berries. Its natural range is the [[Pacific Ocean]] coasts of [[North America|North]] and [[South America]], and also [[Hawaii]].  [[Migratory bird]]s are thought to have [[biological dispersal|dispersed]] ''F. chiloensis'' from the [[Pacific coast#North America|Pacific coast]] of North America to the mountains of Hawaii, [[Chile]], and [[Argentina]].<ref>{{cite book
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<references/>
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  | last = Sauer
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  | first = Jonathan D.
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  | title = Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster
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  | publisher = [[CRC Press]]
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  | year = 1993
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  | location =
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  | pages =128–129
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  | isbn = 0-8493-8901-1
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}}</ref>
  
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{{Ack-Wikipedia}}
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[[File:Planche XI.jpg|thumb|''Fragaria chiliensis fructu maximo'' (''F. chiloensis''), illustrated in A-F Frézier's account of his voyage to South America (1716)]]
  
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[[Category:Rosaceae]]
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It is an [[evergreen]] plant growing to 15–30 centimetres (5.9–11.8&nbsp;in) tall, with glossy green trifoliate [[leaf|leaves]], each [[leaflet (botany)|leaflet]] around 5 centimetres (2.0&nbsp;in) long. The [[flower]]s are white, produced in spring and early summer. The [[fruit]] is edible, red on the surface, white inside.
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[[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]]
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Its fruit is still sold as a local delicacy in some South American produce markets.
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[[Amédée-François Frézier]] (1682–1773) was the first to bring back specimens of ''Fragaria chiloensis'' to the [[Old World]].
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''[[Chaetosiphon fragaefolii]]'', the [[strawberry]] aphid, is a bug  species found feed on ''F. chiloensis'' in Chile. It is a vector of the [[strawberry mild yellow-edge virus]].<ref>{{Cite journal|pmc=3605023|year=2012|author1=Lavandero|first1=B|title=Genetic Structure of the Aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, and Its Role as a Vector of the Strawberry yellow edge virus to a Native Strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis in Chile|journal=Journal of Insect Science|volume=12|issue=110|pages=1–13|url=http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/jis/12/1/110.full.pdf|last2=Rojas|first2=P|last3=Ramirez|first3=C. C.|last4=Salazar|first4=M|last5=Caligari|first5=P. D.|doi=10.1673/031.012.11001|pmid=23438175}}</ref>
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== Subspecies ==
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There are a number of subspecies and forms:
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* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''chiloensis''
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* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''patagonica'' ([[Argentina]], [[Chile]])
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* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''lucida'' <small>(E. Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt</small> (coast of [[British Columbia]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]])
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* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''pacifica'' <small>[[Günther Staudt|Staudt]]</small> (coast of [[Alaska]], British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
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* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''sandwicensis'' <small>([[Joseph Decaisne|Decne.]]) Staudt</small> – ''ʻŌhelo papa'' ([[Hawaii]])
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<gallery>
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File:Starr 041006-0321 Fragaria chiloensis subsp. sandwicensis.jpg|''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''chiloensis''
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File:Beach Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis).jpg|Beach strawberry at [[Pacifica State Beach]], [[San Mateo County]], California.
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</gallery>
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== Genetics ==
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All strawberries have a base [[haploid]] count of 7 [[chromosomes]]. ''Fragaria chiloensis'' is [[polyploidy|octoploid]], having eight sets of these chromosomes for a total of 56. These eight genomes pair as four distinct sets, of two different types, with little or no pairing between sets. The genome composition of the octoploid strawberry species has generally been indicated as AAA'A'BBB'B'. The A-type genomes were likely contributed by diploid ancestors related to ''[[Fragaria vesca]]'' or similar species, while the B-type genomes seem to descend from a close relative of ''[[Fragaria iinumae]]''. The exact process of hybridization and speciation which resulted in the octoploid species is still unknown, but it appears that the genome compositions of both ''Fragaria chiloensis'' and ''[[Fragaria virginiana]]'' (and by extension the cultivated octoploid strawberry as well) are identical.
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== References ==
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{{Reflist}}
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== External links ==
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{{Commons category|Fragaria chiloensis}}
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* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6677,6723,6724 Jepson Manual Treatment – ''Fragaria chiloensis'']
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* [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Fragaria+chiloensis ''Fragaria chiloensis'' – Photo gallery]
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* {{GRIN}}
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{{Clear}}
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{{Fragaria}}
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q149467}}
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[[Category:Fragaria|chiloensis]]
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[[Category:Berries]]
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[[Category:Flora of the West Coast of the United States]]
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[[Category:Flora of Alaska]]
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[[Category:Flora of Argentina]]
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[[Category:Flora of British Columbia]]
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[[Category:Flora of southern Chile]]
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[[Category:Flora of Hawaii]]
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[[Category:Garden plants of North America]]
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[[Category:Garden plants of South America]]
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[[Category:Groundcovers]]

Latest revision as of 23:28, 13 August 2018

Fragaria chiloensis
Fragariachileonsis.jpg
Scientific classification edit
Unrecognized taxon (fix): Fragaria
Species:
Template:Taxonomy/FragariaF. chiloensis
Binomial name
Template:Taxonomy/FragariaFragaria chiloensis

Fragaria chiloensis, the beach strawberry, Chilean strawberry, or coastal strawberry, is one of two species of wild strawberry that were hybridized to create the modern garden strawberry (F. × ananassa). It is noted for its large berries. Its natural range is the Pacific Ocean coasts of North and South America, and also Hawaii. Migratory birds are thought to have dispersed F. chiloensis from the Pacific coast of North America to the mountains of Hawaii, Chile, and Argentina.[1]

Fragaria chiliensis fructu maximo (F. chiloensis), illustrated in A-F Frézier's account of his voyage to South America (1716)

It is an evergreen plant growing to 15–30 centimetres (5.9–11.8 in) tall, with glossy green trifoliate leaves, each leaflet around 5 centimetres (2.0 in) long. The flowers are white, produced in spring and early summer. The fruit is edible, red on the surface, white inside.

Its fruit is still sold as a local delicacy in some South American produce markets.

Amédée-François Frézier (1682–1773) was the first to bring back specimens of Fragaria chiloensis to the Old World.

Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, the strawberry aphid, is a bug species found feed on F. chiloensis in Chile. It is a vector of the strawberry mild yellow-edge virus.[2]

Subspecies

There are a number of subspecies and forms:

  • Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis forma chiloensis
  • Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis forma patagonica (Argentina, Chile)
  • Fragaria chiloensis subsp. lucida (E. Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt (coast of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
  • Fragaria chiloensis subsp. pacifica Staudt (coast of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
  • Fragaria chiloensis subsp. sandwicensis (Decne.) Staudt – ʻŌhelo papa (Hawaii)

Genetics

All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes. Fragaria chiloensis is octoploid, having eight sets of these chromosomes for a total of 56. These eight genomes pair as four distinct sets, of two different types, with little or no pairing between sets. The genome composition of the octoploid strawberry species has generally been indicated as AAA'A'BBB'B'. The A-type genomes were likely contributed by diploid ancestors related to Fragaria vesca or similar species, while the B-type genomes seem to descend from a close relative of Fragaria iinumae. The exact process of hybridization and speciation which resulted in the octoploid species is still unknown, but it appears that the genome compositions of both Fragaria chiloensis and Fragaria virginiana (and by extension the cultivated octoploid strawberry as well) are identical.

References

  1. ↑ Sauer, Jonathan D. (1993). Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster. CRC Press. pp. 128–129. ISBN 0-8493-8901-1.
  2. ↑ Lavandero, B; Rojas, P; Ramirez, C. C.; Salazar, M; Caligari, P. D. (2012). "Genetic Structure of the Aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, and Its Role as a Vector of the Strawberry yellow edge virus to a Native Strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis in Chile" (PDF). Journal of Insect Science. 12 (110): 1–13. doi:10.1673/031.012.11001. PMC 3605023. PMID 23438175.

External links

Lua error in Module:Taxonbar at line 144: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).

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