Difference between revisions of "Juncaceae"

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#redirect [[:Category:Juncaceae]]
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{{taxobox
 
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|name = Rush family
 
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| image = Juncus effuses.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Juncus effusus]]''
 
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|regnum = [[Plantae]]
 
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
 
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|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
 
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|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
 
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|ordo = [[Poales]]
 
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|familia = '''Juncaceae'''
 
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|familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|type_genus = ''[[Juncus]]''
 
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|type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision =
 
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*''[[Distichia (plant)|Distichia]]''
 
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*''[[Juncus]]'' - rush
 
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*''[[Luzula]]'' - woodrush
 
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*''[[Marsippospermum]]''
 
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*''[[Oxychloe]]''
 
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*''[[Patosia]]''
 
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*''[[Rostkovia]]''
 
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|synonyms =
 
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*Junceae
 
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}}
 
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'''Juncaceae''' is a family of [[flowering plant]]s, commonly known as the '''rush family'''.  It consists of eight [[genus|genera]] and about 464 known [[species]]<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref>  of slow-growing, [[rhizomatous]], [[herbaceous]]  [[monocotyledon]]ous plants that may superficially resemble [[Poaceae|grasses]] and [[Cyperaceae|sedges]]. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range of moisture conditions. The best-known and largest genus is ''[[Juncus]]''. Most of the ''Juncus'' species grow exclusively in wetland habitats. A few rushes, such as ''[[Juncus bufonius]]'' are [[Annual plant|annuals]], but most are [[Perennial plant|perennials]].
 
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==Description==
 
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The [[Leaf|leaves]] are [[evergreen]] and well-developed in a basal aggregation on an erect stem. They are alternate and tristichous (i.e., with three rows of leaves up the stem, each row of leaves arising one-third of the way around the stem from the previous leaf).  Only in the genus ''[[Distichia (genus)|Distichia]]'' are the leaves distichous.  The rushes of the genus ''[[Juncus]]'' have flat, hairless leaves or cylindrical leaves.  The leaves of the wood-rushes of the genus ''[[Luzula]]'' are always flat and bear long white hairs.
 
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The plants are [[hermaphroditic]] or, rarely, [[dioecious]].  The small [[flower]]s are arranged in [[inflorescences]] of loose [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], but also in rather dense heads or [[corymb]]s at the top of the stem or at its side.  This family typically has reduced [[perianth]] segments called [[tepals]].  These are usually arranged in two [[Whorl (botany)|whorls]], each containing three thin, papery tepals.  They are not bright or flashy in appearance, and their color can vary from greenish to whitish, brown, purple, black, or hyaline. The three [[carpel|stigma]]s are in the center of the flowers.  As is characteristic of monocots, all of the flower parts appear in multiples of three.
 
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The [[fruit]] is usually a nonfleshy, three-sectioned [[dehiscent]] [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing many [[seeds]].
 
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== Domestic uses ==
 
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The dried [[pith]] of plants of this family were used to make a type of [[candle]] known as a [[rushlight]].
 
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The [[soft rush]] (''Juncus effusus'') is called ''igusa'' in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and is used to weave the soft surface cover of [[tatami]] mats.
 
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In [[medieval Europe]], loose fresh rushes would be strewn on earthen floors in dwellings for cleanliness and insulation. Particularly favored for such a purpose was ''[[Acorus calamus]]'' (sweet flag), but despite its alternate vernacular name "sweet rush", it is a plant from a different [[monocot]] [[order (biology)|order]], [[Acorales]].<ref>Burton, Alfred. ''Rush-bearing: An Account of the Old Custom of Strewing Rushes: Carrying Rushes to Church; The Rush-Cart; Garlands in Churches; Morris-Dancers; The Wakes; The Rush.'' Manchester: Brook & Chrystal, 1891; pp. 1-12</ref>
 
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== References ==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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== External links ==
 
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{{Commons category|Juncaceae}}
 
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* [http://plants.montara.com/ListPages/FamPages/Junca1.html  Information and pictures]
 
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* {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Rush (plant)|display=Rush, the common name for species of ''juncus'' |short=x}}
 
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* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Juncaceae |short=x}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Juncaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Poales families]]
 

Latest revision as of 16:09, 30 September 2017

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