Difference between revisions of "Juncaginaceae"

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{{automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Juncaginaceae]]
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|image = Triglochium_palustris_BotGartBln310505.JPG
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Triglochin palustris]]''
 
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|taxon = Juncaginaceae
 
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|authority = [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision =
 
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*''[[Triglochin]]''
 
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*''[[Lilaea (plant)|Lilaea]]''
 
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*''[[Tetroncium]]''
 
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*''[[Cycnogeton]]''
 
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}}
 
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'''Juncaginaceae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants]], recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades.  It is also known as the ''arrowgrass'' family. It includes 3 genera with a total of 34 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 <ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref>).
 
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The [[APG II system]], of 2003 (unchanged from the [[APG system]], of 1998), also recognizes such a family and places it in the order [[Alismatales]], in the clade [[monocots]]. The species are found in cold or temperate regions in both the [[Northern Hemisphere|Northern]] and [[Southern Hemisphere]]. However APG IV (2016) removed the genus ''[[Maundia]]'' due to its non-exclusive relationship, and elevated it to the [[monogeneric]] family Maundiaceae.
 
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==Description==
 
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[[File:Trma4 003 lvp.jpg|thumb|Sea Arrowgrass ''Triglochin martima'']]
 
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Juncaginaceae are marsh or aquatic herbs with linear, sheathing basal leaves. The flowers are small and green in erect spikes or [[racemes]].  The flower parts come in threes, but the [[carpel]]s are either 3 or 6, joined to a superior ovary. The fruit is a capsule.<ref name="The Wild Flower Key">{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Rose  |title=The Wild Flower Key |year=2006 |publisher=Frederick Warne & Co|isbn=978-0-7232-5175-0 |pages=486–487}}</ref>
 
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Example arrowgrasses ''[[Triglochin]]'' include the Marsh Arrowgrass (''[[Triglochin palustris]]''), the Sea Arrowgrass (''[[Triglochin maritima]]''), and also other species like ''[[Triglochin trichophora]]'', ''[[Triglochin striata]]'' and ''[[Triglochin mucronata]]''.
 
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== Taxonomy ==
 
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The ''[[Maundia]]'' genus was grouped within the Juncaginaceae family by the APG II. The newer APG III version (2009), though, suggested it may be necessary to split ''Maundia'' off into its own [[monogeneric]] family, Maundiaceae,<ref name=APGIII2009/> supported by the non-exclusive relationship of the genus to Juncaginaceae.{{sfn|Les|Tippery|2013}} This was achieved in the [[APG IV]] (2016), leaving only four genera in Juncaginaceae.{{sfn|APG IV|2016}}
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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== Bibliography ==
 
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{{refbegin|30em}}
 
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* {{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |authorlink=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf | format= PDF |accessdate=11 June 2016 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385|ref={{harvid|APG IV|2016}} }}
 
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* {{citation |last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten J.M.|last2=Vorontsova|first2=Maria S.|last3=Fay|first3=Michael F.|last4=Chase|first4=Mark W.|authorlink3=Michael Francis Fay|authorlink4=Mark Chase|title=Results from an online survey of family delimitation in angiosperms and ferns: recommendations to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group for thorny problems in plant classification|journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]|date=August 2015|volume=178|issue=4|pages=501–528|doi=10.1111/boj.12285
 
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|lastauthoramp=yes}}
 
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* {{citation|last1=Les|first1=Donald H|last2=Tippery|first2=Nicholas P|title=In time and with water ... the systematics of alismatid monocotyledons|pages=118–164|url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/people/les/Manuscript_Files/Early_Events.pdf|ref={{harvid|Les|Tippery|2013}}}}, in {{harvtxt|Wilkin|Mayo|2013}}
 
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Wilkin|editor1-first=Paul|editor2-last=Mayo|editor2-first=Simon J|title=Early events in monocot evolution|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=sEfKwaRHQj4C|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-107-01276-9|accessdate=9 December 2015|ref=harv}}
 
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* {{cite book|last1=Von Mering|first1=S|last2=Kadereit|first2=JW|title=Phylogeny, Systematics, and Recircumscription of  Juncaginaceae – A Cosmopolitan Wetland Family|pages=55–79|url=http://juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/sites/juncaginaceae.myspecies.info/files/von%20Mering%20%26%20Kadereit_2010_phylogeny_Juncaginaceae.pdf}}, in {{harvtxt|Seberg et al|2010}}
 
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* {{cite book|editor1-last=Seberg|editor1-first=Ole|editor2-last=Petersen|editor2-first=Gitte|editor3-last=Barfod|editor3-first=Anders|editor4-last=Davis|editor4-first=Jerrold I.|title=Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the Monocotyledons: proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons and the Fifth International Symposium on Grass Systematics and Evolution|url=http://en.unipress.dk/udgivelser/d/diversity,-phylogeny,-and-evolution-in-the-monocotyledons/|date=2010|publisher=[[Aarhus University Press]]|location=Århus|isbn=978 87 7934 398 6|ref={{harvid|Seberg et al|2010}}}}
 
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{{refend}}
 
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== External links ==
 
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/Juncagin.htm Juncaginaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 9 March 2006. http://delta-intkey.com
 
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10463 Juncaginaceae in the ''Flora of North America'']
 
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=55434&lvl=3 NCBI Taxonomy browser]
 
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* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Juncaginaceae links at CSDL, Texas]
 
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* [http://greif.uni-greifswald.de/floragreif/?fam=Juncaginaceae&gen=&spec=&flora_search=taxon Juncaginaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF]
 
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{{commons category|Juncaginaceae}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Juncaginaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Alismatales families]]
 
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[[Category:Aquatic plants]]
 

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