Difference between revisions of "Zingiberaceae"

Latest revision as of 12:19, 9 September 2017

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Category:Zingiberaceae

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-{{Automatic taxobox
+#redirect [[:Category:Zingiberaceae]]
-|name = Ginger family
-|image = Tropical plant hilo5.jpg
-|image_caption = Red torch ginger (''[[Etlingera elatior]]'')
-|taxon = Zingiberaceae
-|authority = [[Ivan Martinov|Martinov]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
-|type_genus = ''[[Zingiber]]''
-|type_genus_authority = Boehm.
-|subdivision_ranks =
-|subdivision =
-}}
-'''Zingiberaceae''' ({{IPAc-en|,|z|I|n|dZ|I|b|@|'|r|ay|s|ee}}) or the '''ginger family '''is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s made up of about 50 [[genus|genera]] with a total of about 1600 known [[species]]<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref> of aromatic [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant|herb]]s with creeping horizontal or tuberous [[rhizome]]s distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
-Many of the family's species are important [[ornamental plant|ornamental]], [[spice]], or [[medicinal plant]]s.  Ornamental genera include the shell gingers (''[[Alpinia]]''), Siam or summer tulip (''[[Curcuma alismatifolia]]''), ''[[Globba]]'', ginger lily (''[[Hedychium]]''), ''[[Kaempferia]]'', torch-ginger ''[[Etlingera elatior]]'', ''[[Renealmia]]'', and ginger (''[[Zingiber]]'').  Spices include ginger (''[[Zingiber]]''), [[galangal]] or Thai ginger (''[[Alpinia galanga]]'' and others), melegueta pepper (''[[Aframomum melegueta]]''), [[myoga]] (''Zingiber mioga''), [[korarima]] (''Aframomum corrorima''), [[turmeric]] (''[[Curcuma]]''), and [[cardamom]] (''[[Amomum]]'', ''[[Elettaria]]'').
-==Description==
-Members of the family are small to large herbaceous plants with distichous leaves with basal sheaths that overlap to form a pseudostem. The plants are either self-supporting or [[epiphyte|epiphytic]]. [[Flower]]s are [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]], usually strongly [[zygomorphic]], in [[Inflorescence#Terminal flower|determinate]] cymose inflorescences, and subtended by conspicuous, spirally arranged bracts. The perianth is composed of two whorls, a fused tubular calyx, and a tubular corolla with one lobe larger than the other two. Flowers typically have two of their stamenoids (sterile [[stamen]]s) fused to form a petaloid lip, and have only one fertile stamen. The ovary is inferior and topped by two nectaries, the stigma is funnel-shaped.
-Some genera yield [[essential oil]]s used in the perfume industry (''[[Alpinia]]'', ''[[Hedychium]]'').
-==Taxonomy==
-{{cladogram
-| title= {{anchor|CladVI}}Cladogram: [[Phylogeny]] of Zingiberales{{sfn|Sass et al|2016}}
-| align=center
-| cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:85%
-|label1=[[Zingiberales]]
-|1={{clade
- |1={{clade
-  |1={{clade
-   |label1=[[Zingiberineae]]
-   |1={{clade
-      |label1=Zingiberariae
-      |1={{clade
-         |1='''Zingiberaceae'''
-         |2=[[Costaceae]]}}
-      |label2=Cannariae
-      |2={{clade
-         |1=[[Cannaceae]]
-         |2=[[Marantaceae]]}}}}
-   |2={{clade
-    |label1=Strelitziineae
-    |1={{clade
-       |1= [[Lowiaceae]]
-       |2= [[Strelitziaceae]]}}
-    |2=[[Heliconiaceae]]}}
-}}}}
-|2={{clade
-|1=[[Musaceae]]}}}}}}}}
-{{clear}}
-=== Subdivision ===
-[[File:Curcuma longa (Haldi) Im IMG 2441.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Turmeric|Curcuma longa]]'' ]]
-[[File:Chhoti elaichi flower & fruit in Goa W IMG 2466.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Elettaria cardamomum]]'' ]]
-[[Image:Globba flowers.jpg|thumb|right|190px|''[[Globba]]'' inflorescence.]]
-[[Image:Zingiber Beehive.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Zingiber spectabile]]''    cultivar Beehive ]]
-*Subfamily [[Siphonochiloideae]]
-**Tribe [[Siphonochileae]]
-***''[[Aulotandra]]''
-***''[[Siphonochilus]]''
-*Subfamily [[Tamijioideae]]
-**Tribe [[Tamijieae]]
-***''[[Tamijia]]''
-*Subfamily [[Alpinioideae]]
-**{{vanchor|Tribe Alpinieae}}
-***''[[Aframomum]]'' - [[grains of paradise]]
-***''[[Alpinia]]'' - galangal
-***''[[Amomum]]''
-***''[[Cyphostigma]]''
-***''[[Elettaria]]'' - cardamom
-***''[[Elettariopsis]]''
-***''[[Etlingera]]''
-***''[[Geocharis (plant)|Geocharis]]''
-***''[[Geostachys]]''
-***''[[Hornstedtia]]''
-***''[[Leptosolena]]''
-***''[[Paramomum]]''
-***''[[Plagiostachys]]''
-***''[[Renealmia]]''
-***''[[Siliquamomum]]'' (''incertae sedis'')
-***''[[Vanoverberghia]]''
-***×''Alpingera'' F. Luc-Cayol (''Alpinia'' × ''Etlingera'') - intergeneric hybrid
-**Tribe [[Riedelieae]]
-***''[[Burbidgea]]''
-***''[[Pleuranthodium]]''
-***''[[Riedelia (plant)|Riedelia]]''
-***''[[Siamanthus]]''
-*Subfamily [[Zingiberoideae]]
-**Tribe [[Zingibereae]]
-***''[[Boesenbergia]]''
-***''[[Camptandra]]''
-***''[[Caulokaempferia]]'' (''incertae sedis'')
-***''[[Cautleya]]''
-***''[[Cornukaempferia]]''
-***''[[Curcuma]]'' - turmeric
-***''[[Curcumorpha]]''
-***''[[Distichochlamys]]''
-***''[[Haniffia]]''
-***''[[Haplochorema]]''
-***''[[Hedychium]]''
-***''[[Hitchenia]]''
-***''[[Kaempferia]]''
-***''[[Laosanthus]]''
-***''[[Nanochilus]]''
-***''[[Paracautleya]]''
-***''[[Parakaempferia]]''
-***''[[Pommereschea]]''
-***''[[Pyrgophyllum]]''
-***''[[Rhynchanthus]]''
-***''[[Roscoea]]''
-***''[[Scaphochlamys]]''
-***''[[Smithatris]]''
-***''[[Stadiochilus]]''
-***''[[Stahlianthus]]''
-***''[[Zingiber]]'' - ginger
-**Tribe [[Globbeae]]
-***''[[Gagnepainia]]''
-***''[[Globba]]''
-***''[[Hemiorchis]]''
-==Distribution==
-The Zingiberaceae have a pantropical distribution in the tropics of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, with their greatest diversity in [[Southeast Asia]].
-==References==
-{{Reflist|30em}}
-==Bibliography==
-{{refbegin}}
-* {{cite journal|last1=Sass|first1=C|last2=Iles|first2=WJ|last3=Barrett|first3=CF|last4=Smith|first4=SY|last5=Specht|first5=CD|title=Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage.|journal=[[PeerJ]]|date=21 January 2016|volume=4|pages=e1584|pmid=26819846|doi=10.7717/peerj.1584|ref={{harvid|Sass et al|2016}}}}
-{{refend}}
-==External links==
-*[http://www.biodiversityofindia.org/index.php?title=List_of_Indian_medicinal_plants List of Indian medicinal plants] from ''[http://www.biodiversityofindia.org Biodiversity of India]''
-*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/10/1682 ''The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers (Zingiberaceae): evidence from molecular data'']
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20071015115653/http://curcuma.net/interests/Proceedings-Symposium-Family-Zingiberaceae.html ''Abstracts from the Symposia on the Family Zingiberaceae'']
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928165056/http://www.gingersrus.com/Symposium/presentations/NewClassification.htm ''A New Classification of the Zingiberaceae'' from the Third Symposium on Zingiberaceae]
-*Zomlefer, W.B. ''Flowering Plant Families''.  The University of North Carolina Press.  1994.
-{{commons category}}
-{{wikispecies}}
-{{zingiberales}}
-{{taxonbar}}
-[[Category:Commelinid families]]
-[[Category:Zingiberaceae| ]]

Difference between revisions of "Zingiberaceae"

Latest revision as of 12:19, 9 September 2017

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