Difference between revisions of "Strasburgeriaceae"

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{{Taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Strasburgeriaceae]]
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| name = Strasburgeriaceae
 
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| image =  Ixerba brexioides.jpg
 
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| image_caption = ''Ixerba brexioides''
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
 
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
 
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| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
 
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| ordo = [[Crossosomatales]]
 
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| familia = '''Strasburgeriaceae'''
 
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| familia_authority =  [[Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem|Tiegh.]] in [[Hans Solereder|Soler.]]
 
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| synonyms = Ixerbaceae
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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| subdivision =
 
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* ''[[Strasburgeria]]''
 
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* ''[[Ixerba]]''
 
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}}
 
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'''Strasburgeriaceae''' is a small family of [[flowering plant]]s in the order [[Crossosomatales]], [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]] and [[New Caledonia]]. It contains two [[Genus|genera]], ''[[Strasburgeria]]'' and ''[[Ixerba]]''. Both genera have simple, evergreen, alternated leaves, often in worl-like clusters, with gland-tipped serrations, [[Plant reproductive morphology|hermaphroditic]], [[Merosity|pentamerous]] flowers with persistent sepals, clawed petals, flat and long filaments that extend beyond the petals and a persistent style with a punctiform stigma.<ref name=KMC>{{cite journal|first= Kenneth M.|last= Cameron|year= 2002|title= On the Phylogenetic Position of the New Caledonian Endemic Families Paracryphiaceae, Oncothecaceae, and Strasburgeriaceae: A Comparison of Molecules and Morphology|journal= Botanical Review|volume= 68|issue= 4|series= Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison (Oct. - Dec., 2002)|pages= 428–443|publisher= Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press|jstor= 4354432|doi=10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0428:otppot]2.0.co;2}}</ref>
 
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Fossil pollen named '''''Bluffopollis scabratus''''', found in deposits from the [[Paleocene]] to the [[Miocene]], is almost identical to the pollen of ''Strasburgeria'', although only half its size. The fact that it was found in western and southern Australia and in New Zealand suggests that the [[most recent common ancestor]] of ''Strasburgeria'' and ''Ixerba'' had developed by the time of the break-up of East-[[Gondwana]].<ref>{{cite journal|first1= D.M.|last1= Jarzen|first2= D.T.|last2= Pocknall|year= 1993|title= Tertiary Bluffopollis scabratus (Couper) Pocknall & Mildenhall, 1984 and modern Strasburgeria pollen: a botanical comparison|journal= New Zealand Journal of Botany|volume= 31|issue= 2|pages= 185–192|url= http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.1993.10419493|doi=10.1080/0028825x.1993.10419493}}</ref>
 
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Recent phylogenetic analysis resulted in the inclusion of the genus ''Ixerba'' (previously assigned to the monotypic family Ixerbaceae) in the Strasburgeriaceae. The following tree represents the most recent insights in the relationship between the Strasburgeriaceae and other families.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Oh|first= S.H.|year= 2010|title= Phylogeny and systematics of Crossosomatales as inferred from chloroplast atpB, matK, and rbcL sequences|journal= Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy|volume= 40|issue= 4|pages= 208–217}}</ref>
 
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{{Clade
 
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|label1=[[Crossosomatales]]
 
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  |1={{Clade
 
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      |1={{Clade
 
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        |1={{Clade
 
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            |label1=family&nbsp;'''Strasburgeriaceae'''
 
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            |1={{Clade
 
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              |1=''[[Ixerba]]''
 
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              |2=''[[Strasburgeria]]''
 
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            }}
 
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        |2=[[Geissolomataceae]]
 
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        }}
 
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      |2=[[Aphloiaceae]]
 
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      }}
 
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  |2={{Clade
 
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      |1=[[Staphyleaceae]]
 
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      |2={{Clade
 
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        |1=[[Guamatelaceae]]
 
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        |2={{Clade
 
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            |1=[[Stachyuraceae]]
 
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            |2=[[Crossosomataceae]]
 
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            }}
 
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        }}
 
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      }}
 
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  }}
 
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}}
 
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While both ''Ixerba brexioides and'' ''Strasburgeria robusta'' share a base chromosome number of ''x'' = 25, ''I. brexioides'' is [[Ploidy|diploid]] (2''n'' = 2''x'' = 50), while ''S. robusta'' is icosaploid
 
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(2''n'' = 20''x'' = 500). The massive [[polyploid]]y in ''S.&nbsp;robusta'' may have furthered the adaptations that let it survive on the [[Ultramafic rock|ultramafic]] substrates found in the [[montane forest]] of New Caledonia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Oginuma|first1= K.|last2= Munzinger|first2= J.|last3= Tobe|first3= H.|title= Exceedingly high chromosome number in Strasburgeriaceae, a monotypic family endemic to New Caledonia|journal= Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume= 262|year= 2006|pages= 97–101| doi= 10.1007/s00606-006-0451-8}}</ref>
 
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==Species==
 
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* ''[[Ixerba brexioides]]''
 
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* ''[[Strasburgeria robusta]]''
 
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== External sources ==
 
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/strasbur.htm Strasburgeriaceae L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants]
 
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/ixerbace.htm Ixerbaceae L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants]
 
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* [http://www.gns.cri.nz/what/earthhist/fossils/spore_pollen/catalog/taxa/570.htm Photos of the pollen fossil ''Bluffopollis scabratus'']
 
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== References ==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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[[Category:Crossosomatales]]
 
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[[Category:Rosid families]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:50, 8 September 2017

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