Difference between revisions of "Onagraceae"

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{{Taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Onagraceae]]
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| name = Onagraceae
 
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| image = Chamerion.latifolium.web.jpg
 
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| image_width = 250px
 
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| image_caption = ''[[Chamaenerion latifolium]]''
 
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| regnum = [[Plantae]]
 
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
 
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
 
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| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
 
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| ordo = [[Myrtales]]
 
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| familia = '''Onagraceae'''
 
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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| type_genus = ''[[Oenothera]]''
 
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| type_genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
 
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| subdivision = [[Ludwigia (plant)|Ludwigioideae]]<br>
 
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[[Onagroideae]]
 
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| synonyms = Circaeaceae <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small><br>
 
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Epilobiaceae <small>Vent.</small><br>
 
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Jussiaeaceae <small>Martinov</small><br>
 
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Oenotheraceae <small>C.C.Robin</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?789 |title=Family: Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-04-12 |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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}}
 
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The '''Onagraceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]], known as the '''willowherb family''' or '''evening primrose family''', of [[flowering plant]]s. They include about 650 species of [[Herbaceous plant|herb]]s, [[shrub]]s, and [[tree]]s<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10630 Onagraceae.] Flora of China.</ref> in 17 genera.<ref>Ford, V. S. and L. D. Gottlieb. (2007). [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/25064249?uid=3739560&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21102584096723 Tribal relationships within Onagraceae inferred from PgiC sequences.] ''Systematic Botany'' 32(2) 348-56.</ref> The family is widespread, occurring on every continent from [[boreal ecosystem|boreal]] to [[tropics|tropical]] regions.
 
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The family includes a number of popular [[garden]] plants, including evening primroses (''[[Oenothera]]'') and [[fuchsia]]s (''Fuchsia''). Some, particularly the willowherbs (''[[Epilobium]]'') are common [[weed]]s in gardens and in the wild. One such species is [[Chamaenerion angustifolium|fireweed]] (''Chamaenerion angustifolium'').
 
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The family is characterised by [[flower]]s with usually four [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s; in some genera, such as ''Fuchsia'', the sepals are as brightly coloured as the petals.
 
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The [[seed]]s are generally very small. In some genera, such as ''Epilobium'', they have tufts of hairs<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=111844 ''Epilobium''.] Flora of China.</ref> and are [[seed dispersal|dispersed]] on the wind. In others, such as ''Fuchsia'', the seeds develop in juicy [[Berry (botany)|berries]] dispersed by animals. The [[leaf|leaves]] are commonly opposite or whorled, but are spirally arranged in some species; in most, they are simple and lanceolate in shape. The [[pollen]] grains in many genera are loosely held together by viscin threads. Most [[bee]]s cannot collect it, and only bees with specialized morphologies can effectively pollinate the flowers; nearly all bee taxa that visit the flowers are [[Oligolecty|oligoleges]] specialized on the family Onagraceae.
 
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The family is named after the genus ''Onagra'' (now known as ''[[Oenothera]]'') in 1836 by [[John Lindley]] in the second edition of ''A Natural System of Botany''.
 
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==Genera==
 
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===Subfamily Ludwigioideae===
 
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*''[[Ludwigia (plant)|Ludwigia]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1913 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae subfamily Ludwigioideae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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===Subfamily Onagroideae===
 
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{|
 
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|- valign=top
 
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|
 
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;Tribe Circaeeae
 
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*''[[Circaea]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Fuchsia]]'' <small>L.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1916 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Circaeeae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe Epilobieae
 
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*''[[Chamaenerion]]'' <small>[[Jean-François Séguier|Ség.]]</small>
 
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*''[[Epilobium]]'' <small>L.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1919 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Epilobieae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe Gongylocarpeae
 
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*''Gongylocarpus'' <small>Schltdl. & Cham.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1918 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Gongylocarpeae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe [[Hauya|Hauyeae]]
 
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*''[[Hauya]]'' <small>DC.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1914 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Hauyeae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe Lopezieae
 
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*''[[Lopezia]]'' <small>Cav.</small>
 
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*''Megacorax'' <small>Elizondo et al.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1917 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Lopezieae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe Onagreae
 
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*''[[Calylophus]]'' <small>Spach</small> (= ''Oenothera'')<ref name=GRIN_Oenothera>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?8398 |title=''Oenothera'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2013-01-29}}</ref>
 
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*''[[Camissonia]]'' <small>Link</small>
 
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*''[[Camissoniopsis]]'' <small>W.L.Wagner & Hoch</small>
 
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*''[[Chylismia]]'' <small>(Torr. & A.Gray) Raim.</small>
 
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*''[[Chylismiella]]'' <small>(Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch</small>
 
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*''[[Clarkia]]'' <small>Pursh</small>
 
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*''Eremothera'' <small>(P.H.Raven) W.L.Wagner & Hoch</small>
 
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*''[[Eucharidium]]'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small>
 
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*''Eulobus'' <small>Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray</small>
 
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*''[[Gaura]]'' <small>L.</small> (= ''Oenothera'')<ref name=GRIN_Oenothera/>
 
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*''[[Gayophytum]]'' <small>A.Juss.</small>
 
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*''Neoholmgrenia'' <small>W.L.Wagner & Hoch</small>
 
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*''[[Oenothera]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''Taraxia'' <small>(Torr. & A.Gray) Raim.</small>
 
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*''Tetrapteron'' <small>(Munz) W.L. Wagner & Hoch</small>
 
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*''Xylonagra'' <small>Donn.Sm. & Rose</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1920 |title=GRIN Genera of Onagraceae tribe Onagreae |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-29}}</ref>
 
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|}
 
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Several genera are synonymized in the classification presented above, in particular ''[[Calylophus]]'' and ''[[Gaura]]'', which have both been absorbed into ''[[Oenothera]]''; since they still appear often in the literature as belonging to the previous genera, those names remain in place for now with suitable links to the proper genus.
 
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==Gallery==
 
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<gallery>
 
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Circaea alpina 6769.JPG|''[[Circaea alpina]]''
 
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Epilobium alpestre 2.jpg|''[[Epilobium alpestre]]''
 
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Fuchsia Magellanica Tas.jpg|''[[Fuchsia magellanica]]''
 
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IMG 5989-Hauya heydeana.jpg|''[[Hauya heydeana]]''
 
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Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose.jpg|[[Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii|''Oenothera deltoides'' ssp. ''howellii'']]
 
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Oenothera rubricaulis 2014 G1.jpg|''[[Oenothera biennis]]''
 
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</gallery>
 
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==References==
 
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{{commons category}}
 
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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==External links==
 
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*[http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/onagraceae/index.htm Smithsonian Institution: Onagraceae classification]
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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{{authority control}}
 
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[[Category:Onagraceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Myrtales families]]
 

Latest revision as of 20:20, 8 September 2017

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