Difference between revisions of "Ancistrocladaceae"

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{{Taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Ancistrocladaceae]]
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| name = Ancistrocladaceae
 
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| image = Ancistrocladus heyneanus 07.JPG
 
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| image_caption = ''[[Ancistrocladus heyneanus]]''
 
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
 
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
 
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| unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
 
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| ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
 
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| familia = '''Ancistrocladaceae'''
 
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| familia_authority = [[Planch.]] ex [[Walp.]]<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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| genus = '''''Ancistrocladus'''''
 
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| genus_authority = [[Nathaniel Wallich|Wall.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Species
 
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| subdivision = See text
 
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}}
 
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'''Ancistrocladaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants]]. The family consists of a single genus, '''''Ancistrocladus''''', of [[lianas]], found in the tropics of the Old World.
 
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==Classification==
 
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The [[APG II system]], of 2003 (unchanged from the [[APG system]], of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order [[Caryophyllales]] in the clade [[core eudicots]].
 
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Recent molecular and biochemical evidence (see the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html AP-Website]) suggests the carnivorous taxa in the order [[Caryophyllales]] (the families [[Droseraceae]] and [[Nepenthaceae]] and the species ''[[Drosophyllum lusitanicum]]'' and ''[[Triphyophyllum peltatum]]'') all belong to the same [[clade]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}  This family Ancistrocladaceae would belong to this same clade, although the plants in the family are not carnivorous.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}
 
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A close relationship between this family and the family [[Dioncophyllaceae]] (containing the carnivorous species ''T. peltatum'') is supported by similar [[pollen]] and [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] structure.  The [[Cronquist system]], 1981, placed the family in the order [[Violales]] (together with [[Dioncophyllaceae]]).  The [[Takhtajan system]] placed the family in its own order Ancistrocladales.
 
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==Description==
 
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The only genus in the family Ancistrocladaceae is ''Ancistrocladus'', a little-known genus of about 20 species. These are [[palaeotropical]], climbing, twining plants, found in lowland to submontane, wet to seasonal evergreen or swamp forests. The sparingly branched, [[sympodial]] [[Plant stem|stem]] is complex and can exceed 10&nbsp;cm in diameter. It is along one side attached to the tree with grapnels (short, hooked lateral thorns, formed from modified stem apices), opposite to the leaves. Their [[Leaf|leaves]] are borne in dense, evergreen rosettes. They are entire, have short [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]s and lack [[stipule]]s. They have a single wax-secreting [[trichome]] in the [[epiderm]]al pits and glands on the abaxial surface.  The flowers are small with a basally connate [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], that are imbricate or rolled up lengthwise. The fruit is a nut with often wing-like accrescent [[sepal]]s.
 
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==Distribution==
 
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The species of ''Ancistrocladus'' are native to tropical [[Africa]], the [[Indian Subcontinent]], and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name=jj/>
 
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==Medicinal potential==
 
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Scientific interest in this genus has grown considerably because the [[canopy (forest)|canopy]] [[liana]] [http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?name=Ancistrocladus+korupensis ''Ancistrocladus korupensis''] is considered a potential anti-[[AIDS]] source by the [[National Cancer Institute]] because of its highly effective mode of action against HIV.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} This plant was discovered in [[Cameroon]] and subsequently recognized as a species new to science. Its ingredient [[michellamine B]], an acetogenic napthyl isoquinoline [[alkaloid]], contained in mature leaves, is the active principle. Also, [[korupensamine E]] is a new [[malaria|antimalarial]] drug extracted from the same plant.
 
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''Ancistrocladus abbreviatus'' has been used on traditional medicine in [[Ghana]], as treatment against [[measles]] and [[fever]]. The active ingredient is [[ancistrobrevine D]], an [[alkaloid]] extracted from this plant.
 
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Ancistrocline, an alkaloid derived from ''A. tectorius'', is used against [[dysentery]].
 
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Many other alkaloids are still being found in the other species.
 
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== Species ==
 
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Species accepted as of July 2014:<ref name=jj>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=8751 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus abbreviatus]]'' <small>Airy Shaw</small> - western Africa
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus attenuatus]]'' <small>Dyer</small> - West Bengal, Myanmar, Andaman Islands
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus barteri]]'' <small>Scott-Elliot</small> - western Africa
 
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#''[[Ancistrocladus benomensis]]'' <small>Rischer & G.Bringmann</small> - Pahang
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus congolensis]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small>  - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus ealaensis]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre, Central African Republic
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus grandiflorus]]'' <small>Cheek</small> - Cameroon
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus griffithii]]'' <small>Planch.</small> - Indochina, Andaman Islands
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus guineensis]]'' <small>Oliv.</small> - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus hamatus]]'' <small>(Vahl) Gilg</small> - Sri Lanka
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus heyneanus]]'' <small>Wall. ex J.Graham</small> - southwestern India
 
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#''[[Ancistrocladus ileboensis]]'' <small>Heubl, Mudogo & G.Bringmann</small> - Congo-Brazzaville
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus korupensis]]'' <small>D.W.Thomas & Gereau</small> - Nigeria, Cameroon
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus letestui]]'' <small>Pellegr.</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre, Central African Republic
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus likoko]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus pachyrrhachis ]]'' <small>Warb.</small> - Liberia
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Kenya
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis]]'' <small>Cheek & Frim.</small>  - Tanzania
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus tectorius]]'' <small>(Lour.) Merr.</small> - Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Hainan, Borneo, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus uncinatus]]'' <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small> - Nigeria
 
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# ''[[Ancistrocladus wallichii]]'' <small>Planch.</small> - Assam, Bangladesh, Andaman Islands
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/NewCropsNews/94-4-1/ancist.html anti-AIDS source]
 
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*{{cite journal|author =  Taylor, Charlotte M. |author2=Gereau, Roy E. |author3=Walters, Gretchen M. |last-author-amp=yes | title = Revision of Ancistrocladus Wall. (Ancistrocladaceae)|journal = Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden| volume= 92|issue= 3|pages= 360–399|year=2005|jstor = 40035478 }}[http://www.botanicus.org/page/559996]
 
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*{{cite journal|author1=Thomas, Duncan W. |author2=Gereau, Roy E.| title = Ancistrocladus korupensis (Ancistrocladaceae): A New Species of Liana from Cameroon|journal = Novon| volume= 3|issue= 4|pages= 494|year=1993| doi = 10.2307/3391401|publisher =  Novon, Vol. 3, No. 4|jstor =  3391401}}[http://www.botanicus.org/title.aspx?bibid=b13058551&volume=3&issue=&startpage=494&year=1993]
 
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*Cheek, M. (2000a). A synoptic revision of ''Ancistrocladus'' (Ancistrocladaceae) in Africa, with a new species from western Cameroon. Kew Bulletin
 
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== External links ==
 
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060404102459/http://delta-intkey.com:80/angio/www/ancistro.htm Ancistrocladaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com:80/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 30 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com
 
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=63070&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
 
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[[Category:Caryophyllales families]]
 
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[[Category:Monogeneric plant families]]
 

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