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| | {{taxobox | | {{taxobox |
| | |image = Suaeda maritima.jpg | | |image = Suaeda maritima.jpg |
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| | |subdivision = About 110 | | |subdivision = About 110 |
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| − | '''''Suaeda''''' is a genus of plants also known as '''seepweeds'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SUAED|taxon=Suaeda|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> and '''sea-blites'''. Most species are confined to saline or alkaline soil habitats, such as coastal salt-flats and tidal wetlands. Many species have thick, succulent leaves, a characteristic seen in various plant genera that thrive in salty habitats ([[halophile]] plants).
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| − | There are about 110 species in the genus ''Suaeda''.<ref name="eFloras.org" />
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| − | The most common species in northwestern Europe is ''Suaeda maritima''. It grows along the coasts, especially in saltmarsh areas, and is known in English as common seablite. It is also common along the east coast of North America from Virginia northward. One of its varieties is common in tropical Asia on the land-side edge of mangrove tidal swamps. Another variety of this [[Polymorphism (biology)|polymorphic]] species is common in tidal zones all around Australia (''Suaeda maritima var. australis'' is also classed as ''Suaeda australis''). On the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea a common ''Suaeda'' species is ''Suaeda vera'' (synon. ''S. fruticosa''). This is known as "shrubby sea-blite" in English, in distinguishment from common sea-blite. It grows taller and forms a bush.
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| − | The name ''Suaeda'' comes from an Arabic name ({{lang|ar|سُوَيْدَاء}} {{Italics correction|''suwaydāʾ''}}) for the ''Suaeda vera'' species and it was assigned as the genus name by the 18th century taxonomist [[Peter Forsskal]] during his visit to the [[Red Sea]] area in the early 1760s.<ref name="eFloras.org">Entry for ''Suaeda'' in [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=131865 Flora of North America].</ref><ref>Entry for Suaeda in the ''[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3084,3209,3210 Jepson Manual Online]''.</ref><ref>Peter Forskål's book [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002702097 ''Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica''], published 1775, in Latin, declares ''Suæda'' as a newly created genus name, with the name taken from an Arabic name ''Suæd'' – said on [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002702097#page/XXXVIII/mode/1up page XXXVIII] – and presents the species members of the new genus on [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002702097#page/69/mode/1up pages 69-71].</ref>
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| − | The genus includes plants using either [[C3 carbon fixation|{{C3}}]] or [[C4 carbon fixation|{{C4}}]] carbon fixation. The latter pathway evolved independently three times in the genus and is now used by around 40 species. ''[[Suaeda aralocaspica]]'', classified in its own section ''Borszczowia'', uses a particular type of {{C4}} photosynthesis without the typical "Kranz" leaf anatomy.<ref name="SchützeFreitag2003">{{cite journal |last1=Schütze |first1=P. |last2=Freitag |first2=H. |last3=Weising |first3=K. |title=An integrated molecular and morphological study of the subfamily Suaedoideae Ulbr. (Chenopodiaceae) |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=239 |issue=3–4 |year=2003 |pages=257–286 |issn=0378-2697 |doi=10.1007/s00606-003-0013-2}}</ref><ref name="KapralovAkhani2006">{{cite journal |last1=Kapralov |first1=M.V. |last2=Akhani |first2=H. |last3=Voznesenskaya |first3=E.V. |last4=Edwards |first4=G. |last5=Franceschi |first5=V. |last6=Roalson |first6=E.H. |title=Phylogenetic Relationships in the Salicornioideae / Suaedoideae / Salsoloideae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae) clade and a clarification of the phylogenetic position of ''Bienertia'' and ''Alexandra'' using multiple DNA sequence datasets |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=31 |issue=3 |year=2006 |pages=571–585 |issn=0363-6445 |doi=10.1600/036364406778388674}}</ref><ref name="Sage2016">{{cite journal |last=Sage |first=R.F. |year=2016 |title=A portrait of the {{C4}} photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=67 |issue=14 |pages=4039–4056 |doi=10.1093/jxb/erw156 |issn=0022-0957 |pmid=27053721}} {{open access}}</ref>
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| − | == Uses ==
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| − | In the medieval and early post-medieval centuries it was harvested and burned, and the ashes were processed as a source for sodium carbonate for use in glass-making; see [[glasswort]]. In Mexico, some species such as ''Suaeda pulvinata'' are cooked in traditional dishes known as [[romeritos]].
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| | == Selected species == | | == Selected species == |
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| | <references /> | | <references /> |
| − | *[http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=profile&symbol=SUAED&display=63 USDA Plants Profile: genus ''Suaeda'']
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| − | *[https://archive.is/20121212231759/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11708 GRIN genus ''Suaeda'']
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| − | {{Wikispecies|Suaeda}}
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| − | {{Commons category|Suaeda}}
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q159088}} | + | {{Ack-Wikipedia}} |
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| − | [[Category:Suaeda| ]]
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| − | [[Category:Halophytes]]
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| | [[Category:Amaranthaceae]] | | [[Category:Amaranthaceae]] |
| − | [[Category:Salt marsh plants]] | + | [[Category:Plants Keenan has eaten]] |
| − | [[Category:Taxa named by Peter Forsskål]]
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| − | [[Category:Barilla plants]]
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