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| − | {{Italic title}}
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| | {{taxobox | | {{taxobox |
| | |name = ''Stachys palustris'' | | |name = ''Stachys palustris'' |
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| | |binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate = 10 January 2018}}</ref> | | |binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate = 10 January 2018}}</ref> |
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| − | '''''Stachys palustris''''', commonly known as '''marsh woundwort''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> '''marsh hedgenettle''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=STPA|taxon=Stachys palustris|accessdate=30 November 2015}}</ref> or '''hedge-nettle''',<ref name=ROM>Dickinson, T.; Metsger, D.; Bull, J.; & Dickinson, R. (2004) ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario. Toronto:Royal Ontario Museum, p. 298.</ref> is an edible<ref>[http://www.northernbushcraft.com/plants/swampHedgeNettle/notes.htm northern bushcraft]</ref> [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[grassland]] [[herb]] growing to 80 centimeters tall. It is native to parts of Eurasia but has been introduced to North America.<ref name=ROM/> The species [[epithet]] ''palustris'' is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat.<ref>Archibald William Smith {{google books|ahNMkgoNJ7IC|A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins|page=258}}</ref>
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| − | ==Description==
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| − | Marsh woundwort is a perennial plant growing from a horizontal tuberous runner. It has square stems with opposite pairs of leaves that are almost stalkless, linearly [[Leaf shape|lanceolate]], slightly [[Leaf shape|cordate]] at the base and toothed. The [[sepal|calyx]] has five sharply-pointed lobes. The purplish-red flowers are in terminal spikes, with gaps in the lower part of the spike. They are arranged in whorls, each flower consisting of five fused petals, the [[Petal|corolla]] being two-lipped, the upper lip being gently hooded and the lower lip flat and three-lobed. The flowers are mostly visited by [[bumblebee]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/plb.12328| title = Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers| journal = Plant Biology| pages = | year = 2015| last1 = Van Der Kooi | first1 = C. J.| last2 = Pen | first2 = I.| last3 = Staal | first3 = M.| last4 = Stavenga | first4 = D. G.| last5 = Elzenga | first5 = J. T. M.| url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Casper_Van_Der_Kooi/publication/273158762_Competition_for_pollinators_and_intracommunal_spectral_dissimilarity_of_flowers/links/553122910cf2f2a588ace06c.pdf?origin=publication_detail&ev=pub_int_prw_xdl&msrp=156o8z3LbHGvSYKAR%2BxM7a0%2BD7zBXCIlIRZA4sCK%2FwDY4dQUizWow4itk77Rb0zcqcye6%2BGxNrJpPjT%2F6rYpOE0YD5myTyQp7ORfnfI5DfU%3D_aoupfL8XxKQD0uLWnjpkK5W0d3LW8onR1q4bPYB94Oj3S4rNfG9H3VEZaoDog5H1K3yCHsSHJ6P3kIO1KHSbvQ%3D%3D&inViewer=1}}</ref> There are four [[stamen]]s, two long and two short and the fruit is a dry four-chambered [[schizocarp]].<ref>Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. (1996) ''An Irish Flora.'' Dundalgan Press (W.Tempest) Ltd. {{ISBN|0-85221-131-7}}</ref><ref name=NatureGate>{{cite web |url=http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/marsh-woundwort |title=Marsh woundwort: ''Stachys palustris'' |publisher=NatureGate |accessdate=2013-12-14}}</ref>
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| − | ==Distribution and habitat==
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| − | The marsh woundwort is native to Europe and Asia. Its typical habitat is near the shore of lakes, in marshes with [[alder]] trees, on the banks of ditches and streams, in damp meadows, in arable ground and in waste places. In arable land, it is a difficult [[weed]] to get rid of because of its persistent [[tuber]]s.<ref name=NatureGate/>
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| − | ==Ecology==
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| − | Although the marsh woundwort has little fragrance, it is very attractive to [[bumblebee]]s. Nectar indicators guide the insect to probe into the centre of the flower and the [[anther]]s of the stamens and the [[pistil]]s are correctly located for the insect to transfer [[pollen]] between flowers. The seeds of this plant disperse well, the dry fruit capsules float away and this probably why the plant is frequently found on the banks of lakes and other bodies of water. It also spreads vegetatively by means of hollow tuberous root which can throw up shoots far from the original plant.<ref name=NatureGate/>
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| − | ==Uses==
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| − | As their common names suggest, along with its close relatives [[Stachys arvensis|field woundwort]] and [[Stachys sylvatica|hedge woundwort]] it is used to promote the healing of wounds. Wort is a [[middle English]] word a for a herb or vegetable.
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| | {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
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| − | ==External links==
| + | [[Category:Lamiaceae]] |
| − | *[http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/weeds/Stachys_palustris/ Interactive Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia & Neighboring Countries]
| + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q158392}}
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| − | [[Category:Stachys|palustris]]
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| − | [[Category:Invasive plant species]] | |
| − | [[Category:Plants described in 1753]] | |
