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| − | '''''Chenopodium berlandieri''''', also known by the common names '''pitseed goosefoot''',<ref name=BSBI07>{{cite web|title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> '''''huauzontle''''', '''lamb's quarters''', and '''lambsquarters''' is an [[annual plant|annual]] [[herbaceous plant]] in the [[Chenopodiaceae|goosefoot family]].
| + | [[Category:Amaranthaceae]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Plants for Keenan to eat]] |
| − | The species is widespread in [[North America]], where its [[Range (biology)|range]] extends from [[Canada]] south to [[Michoacán]], [[Mexico]]. It is found in every [[U.S. state]] except [[Hawaii]].<ref name=":4" /> The fast-growing, upright plant can reach heights of more than 3 m. It can be differentiated from most of the other members of its large genus by its honeycomb-pitted seeds, and further separated by its serrated, more or less evenly lobed lower leaves.<ref name=flora>{{Citation| last =Clemants| first =Steven E.; Mosyakin, Sergei L. | contribution =''Chenopodium berlandieri''| year =2004| title =Flora of North America| editor-last =Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+| volume =4| page =294| contribution-url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415441| place=New York & Oxford| publisher =Oxford University Press| postscript =<!--none-->}}</ref>
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| − | Although widely regarded as a [[weed]], this species was once one of several plants cultivated by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in [[prehistoric]] North America as part of the [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]]. ''C. berlandieri'' was a [[domestication|domesticated]] [[pseudocereal]] crop, similar to the closely related [[quinoa]] ''C. quinoa.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Jarvis|first=David E.|last2=Ho|first2=Yung Shwen|last3=Lightfoot|first3=Damien J.|last4=Schmöckel|first4=Sandra M.|last5=Li|first5=Bo|last6=Borm|first6=Theo J. A.|last7=Ohyanagi|first7=Hajime|last8=Mineta|first8=Katsuhiko|last9=Michell|first9=Craig T.|date=February 2017|title=The genome of Chenopodium quinoa|url=http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature21370|journal=Nature|volume=542|issue=7641|pages=307–312|doi=10.1038/nature21370|issn=1476-4687}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-52849-6_3|title=Social Perspectives on Ancient Lives from Paleoethnobotanical Data|last=Fritz|first=Gayle J.|last2=Bruno|first2=Maria C.|last3=Langlie|first3=BrieAnna S.|last4=Smith|first4=Bruce D.|last5=Kistler|first5=Logan|date=2017|publisher=Springer, Cham|isbn=9783319528472|pages=55–75|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-52849-6_3}}</ref> It continues to be cultivated in Mexico as a [[pseudocereal]], as a [[leaf vegetable]], and for its [[broccoli]]-like [[Panicle|flowering shoots]].
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| − | == Morphology ==
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| − | [[File:Chenopodium berlandieri (3767482897) (2).jpg|thumb|left|upright|The leaf of ''C. berlandieri'']]
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| − | === Seeds ===
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| − | ''Chenopodium'' seeds vary in shape between lenticular and [[cylindrical]].<ref name=":3" /> The lenticular shape is more typical of wild members of the species while cylindrical seeds (said to have a "truncated margin") predominate in domesticated varieties.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" />
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| − | The nutritive [[perisperm]] tissue is encircled by the [[Hypocotyl|embryo]] along the seed margin. The [[radicle]] protrudes slightly, producing a visible bump in the [[circumference]] of the seed (called the "beak").<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Gremillion|first=Kristen J.|date=1993|title=The evolution of seed morphology in domesticated Chenopodium: an archaeological case study|url=|journal=Journal of Ethnobiology|volume=13|pages=149–169|via=}}</ref> Surrounding the perisperm and embryo are three layers: the [[Seed-coat|inner epiderm]], the [[Seed-coat|outer epiderm]], and the [[pericarp]]. The inner epiderm is also called a''' '''[[Seed-coat|tegmen]]'''.''' The outer epiderm is synonymous with [[Testa (botany)|testa]]. Together, the outer and inner epiderm make up the [[Seed-coat|seed coat]]. In ''Chenopodium'' literature, the terms outer epiderm, testa, and seed coat are often used interchangeably.<ref name=":3" />
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| − | The pericarp is often [[dehiscent]], but is non-dehiscent in some varieties.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Asch|first=David L|last2=Asch|first2=Nancy B|date=1977|title=Chenopod as cultigen: A re-evaluation of some prehistoric collections from eastern North America|url=|journal=Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology|volume=|pages=3–45|via=}}</ref> In domesticated varieties, the seed coat may be reduced or absent.<ref name=":3" /> Uniform seed assemblages with seed coats less than 20 µm thick are considered to represent domesticated population.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" /> Conversely, wild populations tend to produce seeds with seed coat thicker than 20 µm.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
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| − | ==Taxonomy==
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| − | The species includes two [[subspecies]]: the [[biological type|type]] subspecies (i.e. ''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'') and ''C. b.'' ssp. ''nuttalliae''.<ref name=smith2006>{{cite journal| last =Smith| first =Bruce D.| year =2006| title =Eastern North America as an Independent Center of Plant Domestication| journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America| pages =12223–12228| volume=103| number=33| url =http://www.pnas.org/content/103/33/12223.full.pdf|format=PDF| pmid =16894156| doi =10.1073/pnas.0604335103| pmc =1567861}}</ref> The latter, which also goes by the common names '''''[[huauzontle]]''''', '''''huauthili''''' and '''Nuttall's goosefoot''',<ref>{{GRIN | name = ''Chenopodium berlandieri'' Moq.| id = 104843| accessdate = 2009-01-03}}</ref> is a domesticated variety cultivated in Mexico.
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| − | As many as six [[extant taxon|extant]] [[variety (biology)|varieties]] of ''C. b.'' ssp. ''berlandieri'' have been identified:<ref name=flora/>
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| − | *''C. b.'' subsp. ''berlandieri ''var. ''berlandieri''
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| − | *''C. b.'' subsp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''boscianum''
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| − | *''C. b.'' subsp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''bushianum'' (Bush's goosefoot)
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| − | *''C. b.'' subsp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''macrocalycium''
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| − | *''C. b.'' subsp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''sinuatum''
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| − | *''C. b.'' subsp. ''berlandieri'' var. ''zschackii'' (Zschack's goosefoot)
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| − | The extinct variety is well-documented, though it may represent more than one taxon:<ref name=":5" />
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| − | * ''C. b.'' subsp. ''jonesianum''
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| − | Additionally, the [[cultivar]]s of the ''C. b. nuttalliae'' subspecies are:<ref name=smith2006/><ref name=Wilson1979>{{citation| doi=10.2307/2442525| last=Wilson| first=Hugh D.; Heiser Jr., Charles B.| author2=Heiser, Charles B| title=The Origin and Evolutionary Relationships of 'Huauzontle' (''Chenopodium nuttalliae'' Safford), Domesticated Chenopod of Mexico| jstor=2442525| year=1979| journal=American Journal of Botany| volume=66| issue=2| pages=198–206| postscript=<!--none-->}}</ref>
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| − | *'Huauzontle' - This cultivar is a more recent selection used in commercial cultivation for a [[broccoli]]-like crop. It is a "naked" variety and has a testa only 2-7 µm thick (cf. human hair, which is about 100 µm wide).
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| − | *'Chia' - Grown as a grain crop, this cultivar is declining and is cultivated only on a local level. It also has a very thin testa, though slightly thicker than the previous at 10-20 µm.
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| − | *'Quelite' - This cultivar is cultivated for its [[spinach]]-like leaves.
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| − | The species is capable of [[Hybrid (biology)|hybridizing]] with the related introduced [[European Continent|European]] ''[[Chenopodium album]]'', which it resembles, giving the hybrid ''C. × variabile'' Aellen.<ref name="floraalbum">{{Citation| last =Clemants| first =Steven E.; Mosyakin, Sergei L.| contribution =''Chenopodium album''| year =2004| title =Flora of North America| editor-last =Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+| volume =4| page =296| contribution-url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200006809| place=New York & Oxford| publisher =Oxford University Press| postscript =<!--none-->}}</ref>
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| − | ==Domestication==
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| − | ''C. berlandieri'' is the [[progenitor]] of all [[Domestication|domesticated]] ''Chenopodium'' varieties in North and South America.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Kistler|first=Logan|last2=Shapiro|first2=Beth|date=2011-12-01|title=Ancient DNA confirms a local origin of domesticated chenopod in eastern North America|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440311003025|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|volume=38|issue=12|pages=3549–3554|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2011.08.023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kolano|first=Bozena|last2=McCann|first2=Jamie|last3=Orzechowska|first3=Maja|last4=Siwinska|first4=Dorota|last5=Temsch|first5=Eva|last6=Weiss-Schneeweiss|first6=Hanna|title=Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for an allotetraploid origin of Chenopodium quinoa and C. berlandieri (Amaranthaceae)|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.009|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=100|pages=109–123|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.009|year=2016}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Hugh D.|date=1990-07-01|title=Quinua and Relatives (Chenopodium sect.Chenopodium subsect.Celluloid)|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02860478|journal=Economic Botany|volume=44|issue=3|pages=92|doi=10.1007/BF02860478|issn=0013-0001}}</ref> In prehistoric eastern North America it was a part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex, a set of cultivated and domesticated species which supported [[Sedentism|sedentary]] and migrant populations for thousands of years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Bruce D.|last2=Yarnell|first2=Richard A.|date=2009-04-21|title=Initial formation of an indigenous crop complex in eastern North America at 3800 B.P|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/106/16/6561|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=106|issue=16|pages=6561–6566|doi=10.1073/pnas.0901846106|issn=0027-8424|pmid=19366669|pmc=2666091}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2194|title=Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology|last=Fritz|first=Gayle J.|date=2014|publisher=Springer New York|isbn=9781441904263|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Claire|pages=2316–2322|doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2194}}</ref> Archaeological evidence shows the species was extensively foraged as a wild plant in eastern North America as early as 6,500 BC.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/712992803|title=Rivers of change : essays on early agriculture in eastern North America|last=Smith|first=Bruce D.|date=|publisher=University of Alabama Press|others=Cowan, C. Wesley, 1951-, Hoffman, Michael P.|year=2007|isbn=0817354255|location=Tuscaloosa|pages=|oclc=712992803}}</ref> By 1700 BC, the plant had clearly been domesticated as a pseudocereal crop.<ref name=":2" /> The name given to the domesticated variety is ''C. b.'' ssp''. jonesianum.''<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Bruce D.|date=1985|title=CHENOPODIUM BERLANDIERI SSP. JONESIANUM: EVIDENCE FOR A HOPEWELLIAN DOMESTICATE FROM ASH CAVE, OHIO|journal=Southeastern Archaeology|volume=4|issue=2|pages=107–133|doi=10.2307/40712807|jstor=40712807}}</ref> The oldest evidence for domestication comes from [[Cache (biology)|caches]] of thin-testa seeds from [[rock shelter]]s in the [[Ozark Plateaus]] and [[Ohio River Valley|Ohio River basin]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":2" /> The ceased to be cultivated in most of eastern North America around the time of [[European colonization of the Americas|European contact]].<ref name=smith2006/> The only known potential historic record of ''C. b.'' ssp''. jonesianum'' is a c.a. 1720 account by [[Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz|Antoine Simon Le Page du Pratz]].<ref name=":3" /> According to Le Page, [[Natchez people|the Natchez people]] cultivated a [[Pseudocereal|grain-like crop]] called [[Choupichoul]] that was delicious, nutritious, highly productive, and required minimal human labor.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Histoire de la Louisiane|last=Le Page du Pratz|first=Antoine S.|publisher=|year=1758|isbn=|location=Paris|pages=}}</ref> Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the crop was a domesticated variety of ''C. berlandieri.''<ref name=":3" />
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| − | Although cultivation disappeared in eastern North America, ''C. b.'' subsp''. nuttalliae'' continues to be cultivated as a domesticated crop in Mexico.<ref name=":4" /> Three varieties of the subspecies are grown as a pseudocereal, as a [[leaf vegetable]], and for its [[Panicle|broccoli-like flowering shoots]], respectively.<ref name=smith2006/><ref name=Wilson1979/>
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| − | The principal difference between wild and domesticated forms of C''henopodium'' is the thickness of the seed coat. In the domesticated varieties, due to [[selective pressure]]s during domestication, the testas are less than 20 [[micron]]s thick; the testas of wild chenopods are 40 to 60 microns thick.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Smith, Bruce D. (1995), ''The Emergence of Agriculture'', New York: Scientific American Library, p. 184</ref> This morphological characteristic is shared by the modern cultivated chenopod ''C. b.'' subsp''. nuttalliae'' and the archaeological specimens of ''C. b.'' ssp''. jonesianum.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Hugh D.|date=1981-04-01|title=DomesticatedChenopodium of the Ozark Bluff Dwellers|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02858690|journal=Economic Botany|volume=35|issue=2|pages=233–239|doi=10.1007/BF02858690|issn=0013-0001}}</ref> Genetic studies have shown that eastern North American and Mexican cultivated forms have considerable [[genetic distance]] between them.<ref name=":1" /> Despite the initial assumption of a single domestication event, consensus in the field now supports at least two independent domestication events in North America.<ref name=smith2006/> Similarly, ''C. berlandieri''<nowiki/>'s South American branch likely experienced at least two independent domestication events, both of which are called ''C. quinoa.''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Risi|first=J. C.|last2=Galwey|first2=N. W.|date=1989-04-01|title=The pattern of genetic diversity in the Andean grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). I. Associations between characteristics|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00022424|journal=Euphytica|volume=41|issue=1–2|pages=147–162|doi=10.1007/BF00022424|issn=0014-2336}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Hugh D.|date=1988-10-01|title=Quinua biosystematics I: Domesticated populations|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02862791|journal=Economic Botany|volume=42|issue=4|pages=461–477|doi=10.1007/BF02862791|issn=0013-0001}}</ref>
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| − | [[File:Lambsquarters growing by wood pile.jpg|alt=Chenopodium berlandieri growing near a pile of wood in Ontario, Canada.|thumb|300x300px|''Chenopodium berlandieri'' growing near a pile of wood in Ontario, Canada.]]
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| − | == Weed status ==
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| − | ''Chenopodium'' species have been implicated among the greatest weed threats to agriculture in North America and globally.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_12|title=Integrated Pest Management|last=Heap|first=Ian|date=2014|publisher=Springer, Dordrecht|isbn=9789400777958|pages=281–301|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_12}}</ref> Most research cites the European species ''C. album'' as an [[Herbicide-resistant|herbicide resistant]] weed threat.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thiel|first=Heike|last2=Varrelmann|first2=Mark|date=2014-02-01|title=Identification of a new PSII target site psbA mutation leading to D1 amino acid Leu218Val exchange in the Chenopodium albumD1 protein and comparison to cross-resistance profiles of known modifications at positions 251 and 264|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.3556/abstract|journal=Pest Management Science|volume=70|issue=2|pages=278–285|doi=10.1002/ps.3556|issn=1526-4998}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gibson|first=David J|last2=Young|first2=Bryan G|last3=Owen|first3=Micheal DK|last4=Gage|first4=Karla L|last5=Matthews|first5=Joseph L|last6=Jordan|first6=David L|last7=Shaw|first7=David R|last8=Weller|first8=Stephen C|last9=Wilson|first9=Robert G|date=2016-04-01|title=Benchmark study on glyphosate-resistant cropping systems in the United States. Part 7: Effects of weed management strategy (grower practices versus academic recommendations) on the weed soil seedbank over 6 years|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.4039/abstract|journal=Pest Management Science|volume=72|issue=4|pages=692–700|doi=10.1002/ps.4039|issn=1526-4998}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rahman|first=Anis|last2=James|first2=Trevor|last3=Trolove|first3=Michael|date=2014-06-01|title=Characteristics and control of dicamba-resistant common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/wbm.12036/abstract|journal=Weed Biology and Management|volume=14|issue=2|pages=88–98|doi=10.1111/wbm.12036|issn=1445-6664}}</ref> The weed status and herbicide tolerance of ''C. berlandieri'' is unclear due to difficulty distinguishing species within the subsections ''Leiosperma'' (i.e ''C. album'' ) and ''Cellulata'' (i.e. ''C. berlandieri'').<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=Hugh D.|date=1980|title=Artificial Hybridization Among Species of Chenopodium sect. Chenopodium|journal=Systematic Botany|volume=5|issue=3|pages=253–263|doi=10.2307/2418372|jstor=2418372}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ohri|first=Deepak|date=2015-08-01|title=The taxonomic riddle of Chenopodium album L. complex (Amaranthaceae)|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13237-015-0143-2|journal=The Nucleus|volume=58|issue=2|pages=131–134|doi=10.1007/s13237-015-0143-2|issn=0029-568X}}</ref>
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| − | As the cultivation of quinoa has spread globally, it has entered geographic regions with extant wild populations of close relatives including ''C. berlandieri'' in North America and ''C. album'' elsewhere. Proximity of the species allows [[cross-pollination]] and the formation of a [[crop-weed complex]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=H.|last2=Manhart|first2=J.|date=1993-06-01|title=Crop/weed gene flow:Chenopodium quinoa Willd. andC. berlandieri Moq.|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00838721|journal=Theoretical and Applied Genetics|volume=86|issue=5|pages=642–648|doi=10.1007/BF00838721|issn=0040-5752}}</ref> [[Genetic introgression]] is often degenerative for both crops and wild plants;<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jenczewski|first=Eric|last2=Ronfort|first2=Joëlle|last3=Chèvre|first3=Anne-Marie|title=Crop-to-wild gene flow, introgression and possible fitness effects of transgenes|url=https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr:2003001|journal=Environmental Biosafety Research|volume=2|issue=1|pages=9–24|doi=10.1051/ebr:2003001|issn=1635-7922|year=2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Darmency|first=H.|date=1994-02-01|title=The impact of hybrids between genetically modified crop plants and their related species: introgression and weediness|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00040.x/abstract|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=3|issue=1|pages=37–40|doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00040.x|issn=1365-294X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mueller|first=Natalie G.|last2=Fritz|first2=Gayle J.|last3=Patton|first3=Paul|last4=Carmody|first4=Stephen|last5=Horton|first5=Elizabeth T.|date=July 2017|title=Growing the lost crops of eastern North America's original agricultural system|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nplants201792|journal=Nature Plants|volume=3|issue=7|doi=10.1038/nplants.2017.92|issn=2055-0278|page=17092}}</ref> however, it can also be an opportunity to develop new crop varieties.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jarvis|first=Devra I.|last2=Hodgkin|first2=Toby|date=1999-12-01|title=Wild relatives and crop cultivars: detecting natural introgression and farmer selection of new genetic combinations in agroecosystems|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00799.x/abstract|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=8|pages=S159–S173|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.1999.00799.x|issn=1365-294X}}</ref> Remarkably, the emerging quinoa and ''C. berlandieri'' crop-weed complex reflects the prehistoric genetic interaction of domesticated and wild chenopods in eastern North America.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Gremillion|first=Kristen J.|date=July 1993|title=Crop and Weed in Prehistoric Eastern North America: The Chenopodium Example|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity/article/crop-and-weed-in-prehistoric-eastern-north-america-the-chenopodium-example/9F07276898E79328B75A4E261D00D632|journal=American Antiquity|volume=58|issue=3|pages=496–509|doi=10.2307/282109|issn=0002-7316}}</ref>
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| − | ==See also==
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| − | *[[Jean-Louis Berlandier]]
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| − | *''[[Iva annua]]''
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| − | *''[[Polygonum erectum]]''
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| − | *''[[Hordeum pusillum]]''
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| − | *''[[Phalaris caroliniana]]''
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| − | *''[[Helianthus]]''
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| − | *''[[Cucurbita pepo]]''
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| − | | |
| − | ===Further reading===
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| − | * {{Citation |last1=Everitt |first1=J.H. |last2=Lonard |first2=R.L. |last3=Little |first3=C.R. |title=Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |location=Lubbock |year=2007 |postscript=<!--none-->}} {{ISBN|0-89672-614-2}}
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| − | <!-- BiolConserv137:248. -->
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| − | ==External links==
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| − | {{Commons}}
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| − | * [https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CHBE4 USDA Plants Profile for ''Chenopodium berlandieri'' (pitseed goosefoot)]
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| − | *[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?104843 Germplasm Resources Information Network−GRIN: treatment of ''Chenopodium berlandieri'']
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| − | *The [http://lostcrops.org/ Lost Crops Garden Network]
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| − | {{Cereals}}
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| − | {{Taxonbar|from=Q820986}}
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| − | [[Category:Chenopodium|berlandieri]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of the Eastern United States]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of the Western United States]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of the Great Plains (North America)]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of Canada]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of Mexico]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of the Plains-Midwest (United States)]]
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| − | [[Category:Flora of California]]
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| − | [[Category:Pseudocereals]]
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| − | [[Category:Leaf vegetables]]
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| − | [[Category:Stem vegetables]]
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| − | [[Category:Crops originating from indigenous Americans]]
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| − | [[Category:Crops originating from Pre-Columbian North America]]
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| − | [[Category:Mesoamerican cuisine]]
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| − | [[Category:Plants used in Native American cuisine]]
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| − | [[Category:Pre-Columbian Great Plains cuisine]]
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| − | [[Category:Woodland period]]
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| − | [[Category:Plants described in 1840]]
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