Difference between revisions of "Caprifoliaceae"

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{{Automatic_taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Caprifoliaceae]]
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|name = Caprifoliaceae
 
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|image = honeysuckle_w_y.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Lonicera japonica]]''
 
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|taxon=Caprifoliaceae
 
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|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision = See text.
 
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|}}
 
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The '''Caprifoliaceae''' or '''honeysuckle family''' are a [[clade]] of [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s consisting of about 860 species<ref name="mobot.org">http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/welcome.html</ref> in 42 genera, with a nearly [[cosmopolitan distribution]]. Centres of diversity are found in eastern [[North America]] and eastern [[Asia]], while they are absent in tropical and southern [[Africa]].
 
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They are mostly [[shrub]]s and [[vine]]s, rarely herbs, including some ornamental garden plants in temperate regions. The [[leaf|leaves]] are mostly opposite with no stipules (appendages at the base of a leafstalk or [[leaf|petiole]]), and may be either [[evergreen]] or [[deciduous]]. The [[flower]]s are tubular funnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small calyx with small bracts. The [[fruit]] is in most cases a [[berry (botany)|berry]] or a [[drupe]]. The genera ''Diervilla'' and ''Weigela'' have [[Capsule (fruit)|capsular]] fruit.
 
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==Taxonomy==
 
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Views of the family-level classification of the traditionally accepted Caprifoliaceae and other plants in the botanical order [[Dipsacales]] have been considerably revised in recent decades.  Most botanists now accept the placement of two of the most familiar members of this group, the elderberries (''[[Sambucus]]'') and the viburnums ''[[Viburnum]]'', in the family [[Adoxaceae]] instead; these were formerly classified here.
 
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Several other families of the more broadly treated Caprifoliaceae ''s.l.'' are separated by some but not all authors; these are treated as subfamilies in the listing of selected genera below,<ref name="mobot.org"/> along with estimated numbers of species.
 
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[[File:EB1911_Caprifoliaceae_-_Flowering_shoot_of_Lonicera_Caprifolium.jpg|thumb|Flowering shoot of ''Lonicera caprifolium''. 1, Fruit; 2, horizontal plan of flower.]]
 
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'''Diervilloideae'''
 
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*''[[Diervilla]]'' (Bush Honeysuckle): 3 species
 
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*''[[Weigela]]'': 10 species.
 
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'''Caprifolioideae ''s.l.'''''
 
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*''[[Heptacodium]]'' (Seven-son Flower): 1 species
 
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*''[[Leycesteria]]'': 6 species
 
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*''[[Lonicera]]'' (Honeysuckle): 180 species
 
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*''[[Symphoricarpos]]'' (Snowberry): 17 species
 
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*''[[Triosteum]]'' (Horsegentian): 6 species
 
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'''Linnaeoideae'''
 
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*''[[Abelia]]'': 30 species
 
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*''[[Dipelta]]'': 4 species
 
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*''[[Kolkwitzia]]'' (Beautybush): 1 species
 
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*''[[Linnaea]]'' (Twinflower): 1 species
 
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'''Morinoideae'''
 
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*''[[Cryptothladia]] ''
 
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*''[[Morina]]''
 
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*''[[Zabelia]]''
 
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'''Dipsacoideae'''
 
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*''[[Acanthocalyx]]'': 3 species 
 
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*''[[Dipsacus]] '' (teasel): 15 species
 
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*''[[Pterocephalus]]'': 25 species
 
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*''[[Scabiosa]]'' (Scabious, Pincushion flower): 30 species
 
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*''[[Triplostegia]]''
 
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'''Valerianoideae'''
 
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*''[[Centranthus]]'': 12 species
 
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*''[[Fedia]]''
 
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*''[[Nardostachys]] '': 3 species
 
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*''[[Patrinia]]'': 17 species
 
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*''[[Plectritis]]'' (Seablushes): 5 species
 
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*''[[Valeriana]]'' (Valerians): 125 species
 
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*''[[Valerianella]] ''(Cornsalads): 20 species
 
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==Uses==
 
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The plants belonging to this family are mainly hardy [[ornamental plant|ornamental]] shrubs or vines, many popular garden  shrubs, especially ''Abelia'', ''Lonicera'', and ''Weigela''. A few have become invasive weeds outside of their native ranges (such as ''Lonicera japonica'').
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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*Flowering Plants of the World, 1987, Vernon H. Heywood,  Andromeda Oxford Ltd., {{ISBN|90-5210-165-5}}
 
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*Botanica,  Gordon Cheers, Random House Australia, {{ISBN|3-8290-1953-X}}
 
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==External links==
 
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{{EB1911 poster|Caprifoliaceae}}
 
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*[http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/caprifoliaceae.htm Caprifoliaceae in Topwalks]
 
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*[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/caprifol.htm Caprifoliaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com:80/
 
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*[http://www.speciesaccounts.org/Caprifoliaceae.htm Species account : Caprifoliaceae]
 
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*[http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Colleges/LFSC/life_sciences/.plant_biology/pb450/compcorn.html Comparison Table for the Cornidae]
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Asterid families]]
 
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[[Category:Caprifoliaceae| ]]
 

Latest revision as of 17:20, 16 October 2017

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