Difference between revisions of "Sapindales"

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{{Automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Sapindales]]
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| taxon = Sapindales
 
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| image = Acer-negundo-total.JPG
 
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| image_caption = [[Manitoba Maple]] (''Acer negundo'')
 
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| authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph du Mortier|Dumortier]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Families
 
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| subdivision = See text
 
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}}
 
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'''Sapindales''' {{IPAc-en|s|æ|p|ᵻ|n|ˈ|d|eɪ|l|iː|z}} is an [[Order (biology)|order]] of [[flowering plant]]s. Well-known members of Sapindales include [[citrus]]; [[maple]]s, [[Horse-chestnut (tree)|horse-chestnut]]s, [[lychee]]s and [[rambutan]]s; [[mango]]s and [[cashew]]s; [[frankincense]] and [[myrrh]]; [[mahogany]] and [[neem]].
 
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[[File:Sapindales phylogeny.jpg|alt=Sapindales phylogeny|thumb|434x434px|Phylogeny of the Sapindales based on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Byng|last2=Chase|last3=Christenhusz|last4=Judd, et al|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|pages=1-20}}</ref>]]
 
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The [[APG III system]] of 2009 includes it in the [[clade]] [[malvids]] (in [[rosids]], in [[eudicots]]) with the following nine families:<ref name=APG3>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = Placing Biebersteiniaceae, a herbaceous clade of Sapindales, in a temporal and geographic context | journal = Plant Systematics and Evolution | year = 2007 | first = A. N.  | last = Muellner  |author2=D. D. Vassiliades |author3=S. S. Renner  | volume = 266 | pages = 233–252| doi =  10.1007/s00606-007-0546-x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | last = Stevens | first = P.F.| authorlink = | title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since].| work = | publisher = Missouri Botanical Garden| date = 2001{{ndash}}2008 | url = http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/| format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref>
 
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[[File:Trichostetha bicolor feeding on flowers of Agathosma capensis (Rutaceae) at Saldanha Bay.jpg|thumb|''[[Trichostetha bicolor]]'' beetles feeding on flowers of ''[[Agathosma capensis]]'' (Rutaceae)]][[File:Chloroxylon swietenia W IMG 1326.jpg|thumb|190px|''[[Chloroxylon swietenia]]'' from [[Rutaceae]]]]
 
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*[[Anacardiaceae]]
 
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*[[Biebersteiniaceae]]
 
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*[[Burseraceae]]
 
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*[[Kirkiaceae]]
 
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*[[Meliaceae]]
 
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*[[Nitrariaceae]] (including [[Peganaceae]] and [[Tetradiclidaceae]])
 
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*[[Rutaceae]]
 
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*[[Sapindaceae]]
 
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*[[Simaroubaceae]]
 
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The [[APG II system]] of 2003 allowed the optional segregation of families now included in the Nitrariaceae.
 
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In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Rutaceae were placed in the order Rutales, in the [[superorder]] Rutiflorae (also called Rutanae). The [[Cronquist system]] of 1981 used a somewhat different circumscription, including the following families:
 
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*[[Staphyleaceae]]
 
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*[[Melianthaceae]]
 
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*[[Bretschneideraceae]]
 
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*[[Akaniaceae]]
 
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*[[Sapindaceae]]
 
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*[[Hippocastanaceae]]
 
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*[[Aceraceae]]
 
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*[[Burseraceae]]
 
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*[[Anacardiaceae]]
 
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*[[Julianiaceae]]
 
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*[[Simaroubaceae]]
 
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*[[Cneoraceae]]
 
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*[[Meliaceae]]
 
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*[[Rutaceae]]
 
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*[[Zygophyllaceae]]
 
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The difference from the APG III system is not as large as may appear, as the plants in the families Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae stay in this order at APG III (both included in family Sapindaceae). The species now composing the family Nitrariaceae in APG III also belonged to this order in the Cronquist system as part of the family Zygophyllaceae, while those now in the family Kirkiaceae were present as part of the family Simaroubaceae.
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist|30em}}
 
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== Bibliography ==
 
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{{Refend}}
 
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* {{cite book|last1=Pell|first1=Susan Katherine|title=Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae)|date=May 2004|publisher=Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University|url=http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04152004-101232/unrestricted/Pell_dis.pdf|format=PhD thesis}}
 
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{{Refend}}
 
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{{Portal bar|Botany}}
 
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{{clear}}
 
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{{Commons category}}
 
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Sapindales| ]]
 
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[[Category:Rosid orders]]
 
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[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:25, 6 September 2017

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