Difference between revisions of "Commelinales"

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{{Expand Spanish|Commelinales|topic=sci|date=December 2009}}
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#redirect [[:Category:Commelinales]]
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{{Automatic taxobox
 
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|taxon = Commelinales
 
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|fossil_range = {{fossil range|80}}[[Late Cretaceous]] - Recent
 
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|image = Flor - Quintana Roo - México.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Tradescantia pallida]]''
 
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|authority = [[Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel|Mirb.]] ex [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]<ref name=APGIII2009/>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Families
 
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|subdivision = [[Commelinaceae]]<br>
 
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[[Haemodoraceae]]<br>
 
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[[Hanguanaceae]]<br>
 
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[[Philydraceae]]<br>
 
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[[Pontederiaceae]]
 
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|synonyms = Haemodorales
 
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}}
 
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'''Commelinales''' is the [[botanical name]] of an order of [[flowering plant]]s. It comprises five families: [[Commelinaceae]], [[Haemodoraceae]], [[Hanguanaceae]], [[Philydraceae]], and [[Pontederiaceae]]. All the families combined contain over 800 species in about 70 [[Genus|genera]]; the majority of species are in the [[Commelinaceae]]. Plants in the order share a number of [[Synapomorphy|synapomorphies]] that tie them together, such as a lack of [[Mycorrhiza|mycorrhizal associations]] and [[tapetum (botany)|tapetal]] [[raphides]]. Estimates differ as to when the Comminales evolved, but most suggest an origin and diversification sometime during the mid- to late [[Cretaceous]]. Depending on the methods used, studies suggest a range of origin between 123 and 73 million years, with diversification occurring within the group 110 to 66 million years ago. The order's closest relatives are in the [[Zingiberales]], which includes [[ginger]], [[banana]]s, [[cardamom]], and others.<ref>Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, November 2011.</ref>
 
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== Taxonomy ==
 
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The older [[Cronquist system]] of 1981, which was based purely on morphological data, placed the order in subclass [[Commelinidae]] of class [[Liliopsida]] and included the families [[Commelinaceae]], [[Mayacaceae]], [[Rapateaceae]] and [[Xyridaceae]]. These families are now known to be only distantly related.<ref name=APGII2003/><ref name=APGIII2009/>
 
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In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Commelinales were one of four orders in the [[superorder]] Commeliniflorae (also called Commelinanae), and contained five families, of which only Commelinaceae has been retained by the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] (APG).
 
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According to the most recent classification scheme, the [[APG IV system|APG IV]] of 2016, the order includes five families:<ref name=APGIV2016/>
 
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* [[Commelinaceae]]
 
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* [[Haemodoraceae]]
 
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* [[Hanguanaceae]]
 
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* [[Philydraceae]]
 
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* [[Pontederiaceae]]
 
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This is unchanged from the [[APG III system|APG III]] of 2009 and the [[APG II system|APG II]] of 2003, but different from the older [[APG system]] of 1998, which did not include [[Hanguanaceae]].
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist|refs=
 
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<ref name=APGII2003>The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003 ''An update  of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.'' Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399-436.</ref>
 
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<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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<ref name=APGIV2016>{{Cite journal|authors=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}</ref>
 
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}}
 
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{{Wikispecies}}
 
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{{commonscat}}
 
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{{monocotyledons}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Commelinales| ]]
 
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[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
 
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[[Category:Extant Campanian first appearances]]
 

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