Difference between revisions of "Proteales"

Latest revision as of 19:04, 6 September 2017

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Category:Proteales

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-{{refimprove|date=November 2015}}
+#redirect [[:Category:Proteales]]
-{{Automatic taxobox
-| taxon = Proteales
-| image = Protea_cynaroides_3.jpg
-| image_caption = ''[[Protea cynaroides]]''
-| authority =  [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ''ex'' [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]<ref name="apgiii"/>
-| subdivision_ranks = Families
-| subdivision = [[Nelumbonaceae]] (lotus)<br />
-[[Platanaceae]] (plane trees)<br />
-[[Proteaceae]]<br>
-[[Sabiaceae]]
-}}
-'''Proteales''' is the [[botanical name]] of an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[flowering plants]] consisting of two (or three) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists.
-==Families==
-In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Proteales were in the [[superorder]] Proteiflorae (also called Proteanae).The [[APG II system]] of 2003 also recognizes this order, and places it in the clade [[eudicots]] with this circumscription:
-* order Proteales
-:* family [[Nelumbonaceae]]
-:* family [[Proteaceae]] [+ family [[Platanaceae]]]
-with "+ ..." = optionally separate family (that may be split off from the preceding family).
-The [[APG III system]] of 2009 followed this same approach, but favored the narrower circumscription of the three families, firmly recognizing three families in Proteales: Nelumbonaceae, Platanaceae, and Proteaceae.<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref> The [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]], however, suggests the addition of [[Sabiaceae]], which was not placed in an order in the eudicots in the APG III system, would be sensible.<ref name="APG web">Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.] Version 12, July 2012 [and more or less continuously updated since]. [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/protealesweb.html#Proteales Proteales.] Accessed online: 9 June 2013.</ref>
-The [[APG IV system]] of 2016 added family [[Sabiaceae]] to the order.<ref name="apgiv">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2016-04-10 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref>
-Well-known members of the Proteales include the [[protea]]s of South Africa, the [[banksia]]s and [[macadamia]]s of Australia, the [[London plane]], and the [[Nelumbo nucifera|sacred lotus]]. The origins of the order are clearly ancient, with evidence of diversification in the mid-[[Cretaceous]], over 100 million years ago. Of interest are the current family distributions, with the Proteaceae a mostly Southern Hemisphere family, while the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae are Northern Hemisphere plants.
-==Classification==
-This represents a slight change from the [[APG system]] of 1998, which firmly did accept family Platanaceae as separate, using this circumscription of the order:
-* order Proteales
-:* family Nelumbonaceae
-:* family Platanaceae
-:* family Proteaceae
-:* family Sabiaceae
-===Cronquist===
-{{Commons category|Proteales}}
-The [[Cronquist system]] of 1981 recognized such an order and placed it in subclass [[Rosidae]] in class [[Magnoliopsida]] [=dicotyledons]. It used this circumscription:
-* order Proteales
-:* family [[Elaeagnaceae]]
-:* family Proteaceae
-===Dahlgren and Thorne===
-The [[Dahlgren system]] and [[Thorne system (1992)]] recognized such an order and placed it in superorder [[Proteanae]] in subclass [[Magnoliidae sensu Dahlgren and Thorne|Magnoliidae]] [=dicotyledons]. These systems used this circumscription:
-* order Proteales
-:* family Proteaceae
-===Engler===
-The [[Engler system]], in its [[Melchior system|update of 1964]], also recognized this order  and placed it in subclass [[Archichlamydeae]] of class [[Dicotyledoneae]]. It used this circumscription:
-* order Proteales
-:* family Proteaceae
-===Wettstein===
-The [[Wettstein system]], last revised in 1935, also recognized this order and placed it in the [[Monochlamydeae]] in subclass [[Choripetalae]] of class [[Dicotyledones]]. It used this circumscription:
-* order Proteales
-:* family Proteaceae
-==References==
-{{Reflist}}
-[[Category:Proteales| ]]
-[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
-[[Category:Proteales of Australia| ]]

Difference between revisions of "Proteales"

Latest revision as of 19:04, 6 September 2017

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