Difference between revisions of "Vitaceae"

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{{Automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Vitaceae]]
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|taxon = Vitaceae
 
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|image = Grapes03.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'', wine grapes
 
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|parent_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ex Bercht. & J.Presl
 
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|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], nom. cons.
 
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|subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
 
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|subdivision = *''[[Acareosperma]]''
 
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*''[[Ampelocissus]]''
 
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*''[[Ampelopsis]]'' ([[pepper-vine]])
 
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*''[[Cayratia]]''
 
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*''[[Cissus]]'' ([[treebind]], [[treebine]])
 
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*''[[Clematicissus]]''
 
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*''[[Cyphostemma]]''
 
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*''[[Leea]]''
 
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*''[[Nothocissus]]''
 
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*''[[Parthenocissus]]''
 
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*''[[Pterisanthes]]''
 
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*''[[Pterocissus]]''
 
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*''[[Rhoicissus]]''
 
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*''[[Tetrastigma]]''
 
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*''[[Vitis]]'' ([[grape]])
 
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*''[[Yua (genus)|Yua]]''
 
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|}}
 
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The '''Vitaceae''' are a family of [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s, with 14 genera and ca 910 known species,<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref> including the [[grapevine]] and [[Parthenocissus quinquefolia|Virginia creeper]]. The family name is derived from the genus ''[[Vitis]]''.  The name sometimes appears as '''Vitidaceae''', but Vitaceae is a [[conserved name]] and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, '''Ampelidaceae'''. In the [[APG III system]] (2009) onwards, the family is placed in its own order, '''Vitales'''. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies place the Vitales as the most basal clade in the [[rosids]].<ref name=APG4>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref>
 
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In the [[Cronquist system]], the family was placed near the family [[Rhamnaceae]] in order [[Rhamnales]].
 
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Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 [[chromosomes]] (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''[[Muscadinia]]'', while ''[[Ampelocissus]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus]]'', and ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''[[Cissus]]'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).
 
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The family is economically important as the [[Berry (botany)|berries]] of ''Vitis'' species, commonly known as [[grape]]s, are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce [[wine]].
 
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Species of the genus ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' serve as hosts to [[parasitic plant]]s in the family [[Rafflesiaceae]].
 
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''[[Leea]]'', sometimes classified in its own family, [[Leeaceae]], is included in Vitaceae by [[APG IV]] (2016)<ref name=APG4/> and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.
 
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==Earliest fossil history==
 
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Well preserved-fruits of ''Indovitis chitaleyae'' containing seeds with similar morphology to the Vitaceae have been recovered from [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Deccan]] intertrappean beads of several sites in central [[India]]. These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant ''Vitis''.<ref>Oldest Fruits of the Grape Family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Cherts of India, Steven R. Manchester, Dashrath K. Kapgate and Jun Ven. American Journal of Botany 100(9): 1849-1859. 2013.</ref>
 
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==References and external links==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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*R. K. Jansen, C. Kaittanis, S. B. Lee, C. Saski, J. Tomkins, A. J. Alverson and H. Daniell. 2006.  Phylogenetic analyses of ''Vitis'' (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids.  ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 6: 32 [published online, 14 pp.].
 
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*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/vitalesweb.html#Vitales Vitaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Web]
 
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/vitidace.htm Vitidaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
 
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{{commons category}}
 
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[[Category:Rosid families]]
 
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[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]
 

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