Difference between revisions of "Potamogetonaceae"

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#redirect [[:Category:Potamogetonaceae]]
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{{automatic taxobox
 
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|image = PotamogetonCrispus.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''Potamogeton crispus''
 
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|taxon = Potamogetonaceae
 
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|authority = [[Ludwig Reichenbach|Rchb.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision = See text
 
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}}
 
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The '''Potamogetonaceae''', commonly referred to as the '''pondweed family''', are an aquatic family of [[monocotyledon]]ous [[flowering plant]]s. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 <ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref>). The largest genus in the family by far is ''[[Potamogeton]]'', which contains about 100 species.
 
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The family has a sub[[cosmopolitan distribution]], and is considered to be one of the most important [[angiosperm]] groups in the aquatic environment because of its use as food and habitat for aquatic animals.<ref name="Haynes">Haynes, R. R. 1975. A revision of North American ''Potamogeton'' subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae). Rhodora 76: 564--64</ref>
 
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==Taxonomy==
 
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The Potamogetonaceae are currently placed in the early diverging monocot order [[Alismatales]] by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.<ref name=APGIII2009/> Their concept of the family includes the plants sometimes treated in the separate family [[Zannichelliaceae]], but excludes the genus ''[[Ruppia]]''. So circumscribed, the family currently consists of six genera: ''[[Althenia]]'', ''[[Groenlandia]]'', ''[[Lepilaena]]'', ''[[Potamogeton]]'', ''[[Stuckenia]]'', and ''[[Zannichellia]]'',<ref name="Nunes et al.">Nunes, E.L.P., de Lima, M.C., Coan, A.I., de Chiara Moco, M.C. (2010). Contribution to the embryology of ''Potamogeton'' L. (Alismatales, Potamogetonaceae). Aquatic Botany, 93: 32-38.</ref> totalling about 120 species of perennial [[aquatic plant]]s.
 
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Marine grasses families: [[Zosteraceae]], [[Cymodoceaceae]], [[Ruppiaceae]] and [[Posidoniaceae]]. Related families: Potamogetonaceae and (and sometimes including) [[Zannichelliaceae]].
 
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<center>
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|+ Families and Genera crosses (Sea grasses)
 
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! scope="col"  | Kubitzki (ed. 1998<ref name="Kubitzki 1998">Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. ''The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae).'' Springer-Verlag, Berlin.</ref>)
 
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! scope="col"  |  Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)<ref>Watson & Dallwitz. Zosteraceae. ''The families of flowering plants.'' http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/zosterac.htm</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  | data.kew<ref>Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family CYMODOCEACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?CYMODOCEACEAE</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  |  APWeb (mobot.org)<ref>VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES and GENERA. List of Genera in CYMODOCEACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/alismatalesweb.htm#Cymodoceaceael</ref>
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Zosteraceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Zostera]]'' L. || ''[[Zostera]]'' || ''[[Zostera]]'' L. || ''[[Zostera]]'' L. (including ''[[Heterozostera]]'' den Hartog, ''[[Macrozostera]]'' Tomlinson & Posluzny, ''[[Nanozostera]]'' Tomlinson & Posluzny, ''[[Zosterella]]'' J. K. Small)
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Heterozostera]]'' den Hartog || ''[[Heterozostera]]'' || ''[[Heterozostera]]'' (Setch.) Hartog || (in ''[[Zostera]]'')
 
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|-
 
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| 3. ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' Hook. || ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' || ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' Hook. || ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' J. D. Hooker
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Cymodoceaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Syringodium]]'' Kütz || ''[[Syringodium]]'' || ''[[Syringodium]]'' Kutz. || (in ''[[Cymodocea]]'')
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Halodule]]'' Endl. || ''[[Halodule]]'' || ''[[Halodule]]'' Endl.  || ''[[Halodule]]'' Endlicher
 
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|-
 
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| 3. ''[[Cymodocea]]'' König ||''[[Cymodocea]]'' ||''[[Cymodocea]]'' K.Koenig (including ''[[Phycoschoenus]]'' (Asch.) Nakai ) || ''[[Cymodocea]]'' König (including ''[[Amphibolis]]'' Agardh ?, ''[[Syringodium]]'' Kütz. ?, ''[[Thalassodendron]]'' den Hartog ?)
 
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|-
 
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| 4. ''[[Amphibolis]]'' Agardh || ''[[Amphibolis]]'' || ''[[Amphibolis]]'' C.Agardh (including ''[[Pectinella]]'' J.M.Black) || (in ''[[Cymodocea]]'')
 
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|-
 
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| 5. ''[[Thalassodendron]]'' de Hartog || (name not found) || ''[[Thalassodendron]]'' Hartog || (in ''[[Cymodocea]]'')
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Ruppiaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| ''[[Ruppia]]'' L. || ''[[Ruppia]]'' || (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' L. in Potamogetonaceae) || ''[[Ruppia]]'' L.
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Posidoniaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| ''[[Posidonia]]'' König || ''[[Posidonia]]'' || ''[[Posidonia]]'' K.Koenig  || ''[[Posidonia]]'' König
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
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</center>
 
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<center>
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|+ Families and Genera crosses (Potamogetonaceae)
 
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! scope="col"  | Kubitzki (ed. 1998<ref name="Kubitzki 1998"/>)
 
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! scope="col"  |  Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)<ref>Watson & Dallwitz. Potamogetonaceae. ''The families of flowering plants.'' http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  | data.kew<ref>Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family POTAMOGETONACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?POTAMOGETONACEAE</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  |  APWeb (mobot.org)<ref>VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES and GENERA. List of Genera in POTAMOGETONACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/alismatalesweb.htm#Potamogetonaceae</ref>
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | Potamogetonaceae
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Potamogeton]]'' L. || ''[[Potamogeton]]'' || ''[[Potamogeton]]'' L. || ''[[Potamogeton]]'' L. (including ''[[Coleogeton]]'' Les & Haynes, ''[[Stuckenia]]'' Börner)
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Groenlandia]]'' J. Gray || ''[[Groenlandia]]'' || ''[[Groenlandia]]'' J.Gay || ''[[Groenlandia]]'' J. Gay
 
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| (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' in [[Ruppiaceae]]) || (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' in [[Ruppiaceae]]) || ''[[Ruppia]]'' L.  || (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' in [[Ruppiaceae]])
 
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| (in ''[[Althenia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Lepilaena]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Althenia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Lepilaena]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Althenia]]'' F.Petit: [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Lepilaena]]'' J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.:[[Zannichelliaceae]]) || ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit (including ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Harvey)
 
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| (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' including ''[[Vleisia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Vleisia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' not found, ''[[Vleisia]]'' Toml. & Posl.: [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' Nakai (including ''[[Vleisia]]'' Tomlinson & Posluszny)
 
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|-
 
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| (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.: [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.: [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Zannichelliaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L. || ''[[Zannichellia]]'' || ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L. || (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.: Potamogetonaceae)
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' Nakai (including ''[[Vleisia]]'') || ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' (excluding ''[[Vleisia]]'') || (name not found) || (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'': Potamogetonaceae)
 
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| 3. ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit (excluding ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Drumm. ex. Harv.) || ''[[Althenia]]'' (excluding ''[[Lepilaena]]'') || ''[[Althenia]]'' F.Petit (excluding ''[[Lepilaena]]'' J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.) || ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit (including ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Harvey)
 
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|-
 
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| 4. ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Drumm. ex. Harv. || ''[[Lepilaena]]'' || ''[[Lepilaena]]'' J.L.Drumm. ex Harv. || (in ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit)
 
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| (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'') || ''[[Vleisia]]'' || ''[[Vleisia]]'' Toml. & Posl. || (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'': Potamogetonaceae)
 
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|}
 
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</center>
 
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==Characteristics==
 
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The plants are all aquatic [[perennial]] herbs, often with creeping [[rhizome]]s and leafy branches. Their [[leaf]] blades can be either floating or submerged, and their stems are often joined. No [[stomata]] are present on the leaves. The [[flower]]s are tetramerous: the floral formula (sepals; petals; stamens; carpels) is [4;0;4;4]. The flowers have no petals. The [[fruit]] consists of one to four [[drupelet]]s or [[achene]]s.<ref name="Watson and Dallwitz">Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 21 March 2010. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm</ref>
 
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==Genera==
 
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*''[[Althenia]]''
 
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*''[[Groenlandia]]''
 
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*''[[Lepilaena]]''
 
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*''[[Potamogeton]]''
 
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*''[[Pseudalthenia]]''
 
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*''[[Stuckenia]]''
 
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*''[[Zannichellia]]''
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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==External links==
 
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*[http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]
 
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*[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm Potamogetonaceae] at the DELTA Online Families of Flowering Plants
 
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*[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?916 Potamogetonaceae] at the Germplasm Resources Information Network
 
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10726 Potamogetonaceae] at the Online Flora of North America
 
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10959 Zannichelliaceae] at the Online Flora of North America
 
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=16362&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Potamogetonaceae] at the NCBI Taxonomy Browser
 
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{{commons category|Potamogetonaceae}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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{{Authority control}}
 
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[[Category:Potamogetonaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Alismatales families]]
 
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[[Category:Aquatic plants]]
 

Latest revision as of 12:04, 30 September 2017

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