Difference between revisions of "Melastomataceae"

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{{automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Melastomataceae]]
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| image = Tibouchina semidecandra.jpg
 
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| image_caption = ''Tibouchina semidecandra'' at Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco
 
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| taxon = Melastomataceae
 
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| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name="apgiii"/>
 
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| type_genus = ''[[Melastoma]]''
 
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| type_genus_authority = [[L.]]
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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| subdivision = See text.
 
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}}
 
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[[File:Melastome leaves.jpg|right|thumb|Characteristic venation of many melastomes]]
 
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[[File:Osbeckia muralis at Kadavoor.jpg|thumb|''[[Osbeckia muralis]]'' in [[Kerala]]]]
 
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The family '''Melastomataceae''' (alternatively '''Melastomaceae''') is a taxon of [[dicots|dicotyledonous]] [[flowering plant]]s found mostly in the tropics (two thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 165 genera and c. 5115 known species.<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref> Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small [[tree]]s.
 
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The leaves of melastomes are somewhat distinctive, being opposite, decussate, and usually with 3-7 longitudinal veins arising either from the base of the blade, plinerved (inner veins diverging above base of blade), or pinnately nerved with three or more pairs of primary veins diverging from the mid-vein at successive points above the base.
 
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Flowers are perfect, and borne either singly or in terminal or axillary, paniculate [[inflorescence|cymes]].
 
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A number of melastomes are regarded as [[invasive species]] once naturalized in tropical and subtropical environments outside their normal range. Examples are [[Clidemia hirta|Koster's curse]] (''Clidemia hirta''), ''[[Tibouchina semidecandra]]'' and ''[[Miconia calvescens]]'', but many other species are involved.
 
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Under the [[APG III system]] of classification, the seven genera from [[Memecylaceae]] are now included in this family.<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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==Genera==
 
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{{div col|colwidth=250px}}
 
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* ''[[Acanthella]]''
 
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* ''[[Aciotis]]''
 
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* ''[[Acisanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Acrovena]]''
 
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* ''[[Adelobotrys]]''
 
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* ''[[Allomaieta]]''
 
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* ''[[Allomorphia]]''
 
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* ''[[Alloneuron]]''
 
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* ''[[Amphiblemma]]''
 
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* ''[[Amphitoma]]''
 
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* ''[[Amphorocalyx]]''
 
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* ''[[Anaectocalyx]]''
 
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* ''[[Anerincleistus]]''
 
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* ''[[Antherotoma]]''
 
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* ''[[Appendicularia (plant)|Appendicularia]]''
 
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* ''[[Arthrostemma]]''
 
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* ''[[Aschistanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Astrocalyx]]''
 
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* ''[[Astronia]]''
 
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* ''[[Astronidium]]''
 
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* ''[[Axinaea]]''
 
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* ''[[Barthea]]''
 
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* ''[[Beccarianthus]]''
 
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* ''[[Behuria]]''
 
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* ''[[Bellucia]]''
 
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* ''[[Benevidesia]]''
 
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* ''[[Bertolonia]]''
 
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* ''[[Bisglaziovia]]''
 
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* ''[[Blakea]]''
 
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* ''[[Blastus (plant)|Blastus]]''
 
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* ''[[Boerlagea]]''
 
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* ''[[Boyania]]''
 
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* ''[[Brachyotum]]''
 
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* ''[[Brachypremna (plant)|Brachypremna]]''
 
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* ''[[Bredia]]''
 
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* ''[[Brittenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Bucquetia]]''
 
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* ''[[Cailliella]]''
 
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* ''[[Calvoa]]''
 
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* ''[[Calycogonium]]''
 
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* ''[[Cambessedesia]]''
 
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* ''[[Campimia]]''
 
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* ''[[Carionia]]''
 
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* ''[[Castratella]]''
 
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* ''[[Catanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Catocoryne]]''
 
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* ''[[Centradenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Centradeniastrum]]''
 
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* ''[[Centronia]]''
 
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* ''[[Chaetolepis]]''
 
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* ''[[Chaetostoma (plant)|Chaetostoma]]''
 
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* ''[[Chalybea]]''
 
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* ''[[Charianthus]]''
 
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* ''[[Cincinnobotrys]]''
 
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* ''[[Clidemia]]''
 
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* ''[[Comolia]]''
 
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* ''[[Comoliopsis]]''
 
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* ''[[Conostegia]]''
 
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* ''[[Copedesma]]''
 
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* ''[[Creaghiella]]''
 
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* ''[[Creochiton]]''
 
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* ''[[Cryptophysa]]''
 
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* ''[[Cyanandrium]]''
 
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* ''[[Cyphostyla]]''
 
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* ''[[Cyphotheca]]''
 
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* ''[[Dalenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Desmoscelis]]''
 
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* ''[[Dicellandra]]''
 
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* ''[[Dicerospermum]]''
 
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* ''[[Dichaetanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Dinophora]]''
 
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* ''[[Dionycha (plant)|Dionycha]]''
 
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* ''[[Dionychastrum]]''
 
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* ''[[Diplarpea]]''
 
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* ''[[Diplectria]]''
 
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* ''[[Dissochaeta]]''
 
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* ''[[Dissotis]]''
 
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* ''[[Dolichoura]]''
 
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* ''[[Driessenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Eisocreochiton]]''
 
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* ''[[Enaulophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Eriocnema]]''
 
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* ''Ernestia''
 
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* ''[[Farringtonia]]''
 
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* ''[[Feliciadamia]]''
 
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* ''[[Felliciadamia]]''
 
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* ''[[Fordiophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Fritzchia]]''
 
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* ''[[Graffenrieda]]''
 
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* ''[[Gravesia]]''
 
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* ''[[Guyonia]]''
 
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* ''[[Henriettea]]''
 
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* ''[[Henriettella]]''
 
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* ''[[Heterocentron]]''
 
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* ''[[Heterotis (plant)|Heterotis]]''
 
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* ''[[Heterotrichum]]''
 
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* ''Huberia''
 
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* ''[[Huilaea]]''
 
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* ''[[Hylocharis (plant)|Hylocharis]]''
 
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* ''[[Hypenanthe]]''
 
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* ''[[Kendrickia]]''
 
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* ''[[Kerriothyrsus]]''
 
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* ''[[Killipia]]''
 
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* ''[[Kirkbridea]]''
 
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* ''[[Lavoisiera]]''
 
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* ''[[Leandra]]''
 
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* ''[[Lijndenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Lithobium]]''
 
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* ''[[Llewelynia]]''
 
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* ''[[Loreya]]''
 
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* ''[[Loricalepis]]''
 
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* ''[[Macairea]]''
 
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* ''[[Macrocentrum]]''
 
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* ''[[Macrolenes]]''
 
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* ''[[Maguireanthus]]''
 
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* ''[[Maieta]]''
 
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* ''[[Mallophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Marcetia]]''
 
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* ''[[Mecranium]]''
 
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* ''[[Medinilla]]''
 
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* ''[[Meiandra]]''
 
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* ''[[Melastoma]]''
 
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* ''[[Melastomastrum]]''
 
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* ''[[Memecylon]]''
 
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* ''[[Menendezia]]''
 
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* ''[[Meriania]]''
 
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* ''[[Merianthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Miconia]]''
 
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* ''[[Microlepis]]''
 
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* ''[[Microlicia]]''
 
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* ''[[Mommsenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Monochaetum]]''
 
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* ''[[Monolena]]''
 
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* ''[[Mouriri]]''
 
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* ''[[Myriaspora]]''
 
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* ''[[Myrmidone]]''
 
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* ''[[Neblinanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Necramium]]''
 
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* ''[[Neodriessenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Nepsera]]''
 
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* ''[[Nerophila]]''
 
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* ''[[Ochthephilus]]''
 
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* ''[[Ochthocharis]]''
 
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* ''[[Omphalopus]]''
 
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* ''[[Opisthocentra]]''
 
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* ''[[Oritrephes]]''
 
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* ''[[Orthogoneuron]]''
 
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* ''[[Osbeckia]]''
 
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* ''[[Ossaea]]''
 
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* ''[[Otanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Oxyspora]]''
 
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* ''[[Pachyanthus]]''
 
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* ''[[Pachycentria]]''
 
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* ''[[Pachyloma]]''
 
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* ''[[Pentossaea]]''
 
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* ''[[Phainantha]]''
 
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* ''[[Phainanthe]]''
 
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* ''[[Phyllagathis]]''
 
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* ''[[Pilocosta]]''
 
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* ''[[Plagiopetalum]]''
 
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* ''[[Pleiochiton]]''
 
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* ''[[Plethiandra]]''
 
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* ''[[Podocaelia]]''
 
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* ''[[Pogonanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Poikilogyne]]''
 
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* ''[[Poilannammia]]''
 
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* ''[[Poteranthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Preussiella]]''
 
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* ''[[Pseudodissochaeta]]''
 
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* ''[[Pseudoernestia]]''
 
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* ''[[Pseudosbeckia]]''
 
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* ''[[Pternandra]]''
 
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* ''[[Pterogastra]]''
 
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* ''[[Pterolepis]]'' (''[[Pterolepsis]]''?)
 
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* ''[[Rhexia]]''
 
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* ''[[Rhynchanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Rousseauxia]]''
 
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* ''[[Sagraea]]'' (?)
 
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* ''[[Salpinga]]''
 
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* ''[[Sandemania]]''
 
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* ''[[Sarcopyramis]]''
 
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* ''[[Schwackaea]]''
 
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* ''[[Scorpiothyrsus]]''
 
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* ''[[Siphanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Sonerila]]''
 
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* ''[[Spathandra]]''
 
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* ''[[Sporoxeia]]''
 
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* ''[[Stanmarkia]]''
 
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* ''[[Stapfiophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Stenodon (plant)|Stenodon]]''
 
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* ''[[Stussenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Styrophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Sussenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Svitramia]]''
 
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* ''[[Tateanthus]]''
 
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* ''[[Tayloriophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Tessmannianthus]]''
 
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* ''[[Tetraphyllaster]]''
 
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* ''[[Tetrazygia]]''
 
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* ''[[Tibouchina]]''
 
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* ''[[Tibouchinopsis]]''
 
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* ''[[Tigridiopalma]]''
 
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* ''[[Tococa]]''<!-- Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28(4): 277 -->
 
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* ''[[Topobea]]''
 
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* ''[[Trembleya]]''
 
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* ''[[Trigynia]]''
 
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* ''[[Triolena]]''
 
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* ''[[Tristemma]]''
 
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* ''[[Tryssophyton]]''
 
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* ''[[Tylanthera]]''
 
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* ''[[Vietsenia]]''
 
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* ''[[Votomita]]''
 
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* ''[[Warneckea]]''
 
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{{div col end}}
 
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== Foraging ==
 
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Melastomataceae is foraged by many stingless bees, especially by the species ''[[Melipona bicolor]]'' which gather pollen from this taxon of flowering plant.<ref>Hilário, S. D., and V. L. Imperatriz-Fonseca. "Pollen foraging in colonies of Melipona bicolor (Apidae, Meliponini): effects of season, colony size and queen number." Genetics and Molecular Research 8.2 (2009): 664-671.</ref>{{clarify|reason=what are the pollinators for this family outside the restricted geographical range of Melipona bicolor, for example in India, SE Asia and Australasia?|date=November 2015}}
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist}}
 
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==External links==
 
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{{commons|Melastomataceae}}{{wikispecies}}
 
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*[http://132.236.163.181/cgi-bin/dol/dol_terminal.pl?family=Melastomataceae PlantSystematics.org: Images of species, list of genera]
 
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* {{cite journal|last1=Penneys|first1=D. S.|last2=Michelangeli|first2=F. A.|last3=Judd|first3=W. S.|last4=Almeda|first4=F.|title=Henrietteeae (Melastomataceae): A New Neotropical Berry-Fruited Tribe|journal=Systematic Botany|date=1 January 2010|volume=35|issue=4|pages=783–800|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40985555}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Melastomataceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Myrtales families]]
 

Latest revision as of 14:57, 9 September 2017

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