Difference between revisions of "Rosales"

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{{other uses|Rosales (disambiguation)}}
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#redirect [[:Category:Rosales]]
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{{Automatic taxobox
 
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| taxon = Rosales
 
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| image = Illustration Rosa majalis0.jpg
 
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| image_width =
 
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| image_caption = Two rose plants, [[Rosa cinnamomea|''Rosa cinnamomea'' L.]] and [[Rosa rubiginosa|''R. rubiginosa'' L.]]
 
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| authority = [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Families
 
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| subdivision =
 
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[[Barbeyaceae]]<br />
 
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[[Cannabaceae]]&nbsp;([[hemp]]&nbsp;family)<!-- why aren't ordinary spaces working?? --><br />
 
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[[Dirachmaceae]]<br />
 
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[[Elaeagnaceae]]&nbsp;([[oleaster]]/[[Russian olive]] family)<br />
 
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[[Moraceae]]&nbsp;([[mulberry]]&nbsp;family)<br />
 
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[[Rhamnaceae]]&nbsp;([[buckthorn]]&nbsp;family)<br />
 
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[[Rosaceae]]&nbsp;([[rose]]&nbsp;family)<br />
 
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[[Ulmaceae]]&nbsp;([[elm]]&nbsp;family)<br />
 
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[[Urticaceae]]&nbsp;([[Urtica|nettle]]&nbsp;family)
 
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| synonyms=
 
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Rhamnales<br/>
 
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Rosanae<br/>
 
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Urticales<ref name ="uniprot">{{cite web
 
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| url = http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3744
 
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| title = Order '''Rosales'''
 
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| accessdate = 2008-04-24
 
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| author = UniProt
 
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| authorlink = UniProt
 
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}}</ref>
 
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}}
 
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'''Rosales''' is an [[Order (biology)|order]] of [[flowering plant]]s.<ref name="apwebrosales">Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External links'' below)</ref> It is [[sister taxon|sister]] to a [[clade]] consisting of [[Fagales]] and [[Cucurbitales]].<ref name="wang2009">{{citation |author1=Hengchang Wang |author2=Michael J. Moore |author3=Pamela S. Soltis |authorlink3=Pamela S. Soltis |author4=Charles D. Bell |author5=Samuel F. Brockington |author6=Roolse Alexandre |author7=Charles C. Davis |author8=Maribeth Latvis |author9=Steven R. Manchester |author10=Douglas E. Soltis |authorlink10=Douglas E. Soltis  |last-author-amp=yes | title = Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 106 | issue = 10 | pages = 3853–3858 | date = 10 Mar 2009 | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/106/10/3853.abstract?etoc | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0813376106 | pmid = 19223592 | pmc = 2644257 }}</ref> It contains about 7700 [[species]], distributed into about 260 [[genera]]. Rosales comprise nine [[family (biology)|families]], the [[Type (biology)|type]] family being the rose family, [[Rosaceae]]. The largest of these families are Rosaceae (90/2500) and Urticaceae (54/2600). The order Rosales is divided into three clades that have never been assigned a [[taxonomic rank]]. The [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including Rhamnaceae; and the third clade consists of the four [[Urticales|urticalean]] families.<ref name="soltis2011">Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". ''American Journal of Botany'' '''98'''(4):704-730. {{doi|10.3732/ajb.1000404}}</ref>
 
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The order Rosales is strongly [[Resampling (statistics)|supported]] as [[monophyletic]] in [[phylogenetic]] analyses of [[DNA sequence]]s, such as those carried out by members of the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]].<ref name="judd2008">Walter S. Judd, Christopher S. Campbell, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Peter F. Stevens, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2008. ''Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach'', Third Edition. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA, USA. ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2</ref> In their [[APG III system]] of [[History of plant systematics|plant classification]], they [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|defined]] Rosales as consisting of the nine families listed in the box on the right.<ref name=APGIII2009/> The [[phylogenetic tree|relationships]] of these families were uncertain until 2011, when they were resolved in a [[molecular phylogenetic]] [[Research|study]] based on two [[Cell nucleus|nuclear]] [[gene]]s and ten [[chloroplast]] genes.<ref name="zhang2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Shu-dong Zhang | first1 = De-zhu Li | last2 = Soltis | first2 = Douglas E. | last3 = Yang | first3 = Yang | last4 = Ting-shuang | first4 = Yi | year = | title = Multi-gene analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales | url = | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 60 | issue = 1| pages = 21–28 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.008 | pmid = 21540119 | date=July 2011}}</ref>
 
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Well-known members of Rosales include: [[rose]]s, [[strawberry|strawberries]], [[blackberry|blackberries]] and [[raspberry|raspberries]], [[apple]]s and [[pear]]s, [[plum]]s, [[peach]]es and [[apricot]]s, [[almond]]s, [[rowan]] and [[Crataegus|hawthorn]], [[jujube]], [[elm]]s, [[banyan]]s, [[ficus|figs]], [[Morus (plant)|mulberries]], [[breadfruit]], [[Urtica|nettle]]s, [[Humulus lupulus|hops]], and [[cannabis]].
 
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==Taxonomy==
 
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In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Rosales were in the [[superorder]] Rosiflorae (also called Rosanae). In the obsolete [[Cronquist system]], the order Rosales was many times [[polyphyletic]]. It consisted of the family Rosaceae and 23 other families that are now placed in various other orders.<ref name="cronquist1981">Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. ''An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants''. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-231-03880-5</ref> These families and their placement in the [[APG III system]] are:<ref name=APGIII2009/>
 
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* [[Alseuosmiaceae]] ([[Asterales]])
 
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* [[Anisophylleaceae]] ([[Cucurbitales]])
 
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* [[Brunelliaceae]] ([[Oxalidales]])
 
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* [[Bruniaceae]] ([[Bruniales]])
 
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* [[Byblidaceae]] ([[Lamiales]])
 
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* [[Cephalotaceae]] ([[Oxalidales]])
 
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* [[Chrysobalanaceae]] ([[Malpighiales]])
 
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* [[Columelliaceae]] (Bruniales)
 
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* [[Connaraceae]] ([[Oxalidales]])
 
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* [[Crassulaceae]] ([[Saxifragales]])
 
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* [[Crossosomataceae]] ([[Crossosomatales]])
 
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* [[Cunoniaceae]] ([[Oxalidales]])
 
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* Davidsoniaceae ([[Cunoniaceae]], [[Oxalidales]])
 
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* Dialypetalanthaceae ([[Rubiaceae]], [[Gentianales]])
 
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* Eucryphiaceae ([[Cunoniaceae]], [[Oxalidales]])
 
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* Greyiaceae ([[Melianthaceae]], [[Geraniales]])
 
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* [[Grossulariaceae]] ([[Saxifragales]])
 
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* [[Hydrangeaceae]] ([[Cornales]])
 
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* [[Neuradaceae]] ([[Malvales]])
 
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* [[Pittosporaceae]] ([[Apiales]])
 
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* [[Rhabdodendraceae]] ([[Caryophyllales]])
 
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* [[Rosaceae]]
 
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* [[Saxifragaceae]] ([[Saxifragales]])
 
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* [[Surianaceae]] ([[Fabales]])
 
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==Phylogeny==
 
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The following [[phylogenetic tree]] is from a [[cladistic]] analysis of [[DNA]] that was published in 2011.<ref name="zhang2011"/>
 
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{{clade| style=line-height:75%;
 
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|label1='''Rosales'''
 
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|1={{clade
 
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  |1=[[Rosaceae]]
 
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  |2={{clade
 
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      |1={{clade
 
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        |1=[[Rhamnaceae]]
 
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        |2={{clade
 
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            |1=[[Elaeagnaceae]]
 
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            |2={{clade
 
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              |1=[[Barbeyaceae]]
 
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              |2=[[Dirachmaceae]]
 
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              }}
 
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            }}
 
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        }}
 
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      |label2=&nbsp;urticalean&nbsp;rosids&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
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      |2={{clade
 
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        |1=[[Ulmaceae]]
 
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        |2={{clade
 
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            |1=[[Cannabaceae]]
 
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            |2={{clade
 
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              |1=[[Moraceae]]
 
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              |2=[[Urticaceae]]
 
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              }}
 
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            }}
 
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        }}
 
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      }}
 
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  }}
 
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}}
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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==External links==
 
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* {{commons category-inline|Rosales}}
 
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* {{wikispecies-inline}}
 
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* [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/Rosalesweb.htm#Rosales Rosales] <span style="color:green;"> At: </span> [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/treeapweb2map.html Trees] <span style="color:green;"> At: </span> [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html Angiosperm Phylogeny Website] <span style="color:green;"> At: </span> [http://www.mobot.org Missouri Botanical Garden Website]
 
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*[http://www.plantlifeforms.com/Orders239/ROSE_AND_ALLIES_ROSALES_50390371_239.aspx?txtSearch=rosales Rosales – Plant Life Forms]
 
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*{{ITIS |id=24057 |taxon=Rosales |accessdate=24 April 2008}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Rosales| ]]
 
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[[Category:Rosid orders]]
 
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[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
 

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