Difference between revisions of "Zosteraceae"

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{{automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Zosteraceae]]
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|image = Zostera marina nf clean.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Zostera marina]]'', from Lindman (1917-1926)
 
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|taxon = Zosteraceae
 
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|authority = [[Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier|Dumort.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Dumortier | year=1829 | title=Analyse des Familles de Plantes : avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent | location=Tournay }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision =
 
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*''[[Phyllospadix]]''
 
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*''[[Zostera]]''
 
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}}
 
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'''Zosteraceae''' (one of the four '''seagrasses''' families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[flowering plant]]s found in [[temperate]] and [[subtropical]] [[coastal]] waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan.  Most [[seagrass]]es complete their entire [[biological life cycle|life cycle]] under water,<ref>{{cite journal|last = Ackerman|first = JD|title = Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm ''Zostera marina'' (Zosteraceae) I: The influence of floral morphology on fluid flow|journal = American Journal of Botany|volume = 84|issue = 8|pages = 1099–1109|publisher = Botanical Society of America|year = 1997|url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/84/8/1099?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&minscore=5000&resourcetype=HWCIT|accessdate = 2007-06-02|doi = 10.2307/2446153|jstor = 2446153}}</ref> having filamentous [[pollen]] especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack [[stomata]]. Seagrasses are [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] and have prominent creeping [[rhizome]]s. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of ''Zostera'' subgenus ''Zostera''.
 
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Zosteraceae has long been accepted by taxonomists as [[monophyletic]]. The [[APG II system]] of 2003 recognizes this family and places it in the [[monocot]] order [[Alismatales]]. The family contains approximately fourteen species divided between two genera, ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' and ''[[Zostera]]'' totalling 22 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 <ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref>). ''[[Zostera]]'' contains three subgenera: ''[[Heterozostera]]'' (formerly considered a separate genus <ref>{{cite journal | last1=Jacobs | first1=S.W.L. | last2=Lee | first2=D.H. | year=2009 | title=New combinations in ''Zostera'' (Zosteraceae) | journal=Telopea | volume=12 | pages=419–423 }}</ref>), ''Zostera'' and ''Zosterella''.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Les, D.H., Moody, M.L., Jacob, S.W.L. and Bayer, R.J. |year=2002 |title=Systematics of Seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=27 |issue =3|pages=468–484 |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0363-6445-27.3.468 |format=abstract|doi=10.1043/0363-6445-27.3.468}}</ref> Zosteraceae is closely related to [[Potamogetonaceae]], a family of freshwater aquatics.
 
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''Zosteraceae'' is a [[conserved name]].
 
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==Taxonomy==
 
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Marine grasses families: Zosteraceae, [[Cymodoceaceae]], [[Ruppiaceae]] and [[Posidoniaceae]]. Related families: [[Potamogetonaceae]] and (and sometimes including) [[Zannichelliaceae]].
 
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<center>
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|+ Families and Genera crosses (Sea grasses)
 
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! scope="col"  | Kubitzki (ed. 1998<ref>Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. ''The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae).'' Springer-Verlag, Berlin.</ref>)
 
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! scope="col"  |  Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)<ref>Watson & Dallwitz. Zosteraceae. ''The families of flowering plants.'' http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/zosterac.htm</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  | data.kew<ref>Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family CYMODOCEACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?CYMODOCEACEAE</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  |  APWeb (mobot.org)<ref>VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES and GENERA. List of Genera in CYMODOCEACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/alismatalesweb.htm#Cymodoceaceael</ref>
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | Zosteraceae
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Zostera]]'' L. || ''[[Zostera]]'' || ''[[Zostera]]'' L. || ''[[Zostera]]'' L. (including ''[[Heterozostera]]'' den Hartog, ''[[Macrozostera]]'' Tomlinson & Posluzny, ''[[Nanozostera]]'' Tomlinson & Posluzny, ''[[Zosterella]]'' J. K. Small)
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Heterozostera]]'' den Hartog || ''[[Heterozostera]]'' || ''[[Heterozostera]]'' (Setch.) Hartog || (in ''[[Zostera]]'')
 
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|-
 
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| 3. ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' Hook. || ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' || ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' Hook. || ''[[Phyllospadix]]'' J. D. Hooker
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Cymodoceaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Syringodium]]'' Kütz || ''[[Syringodium]]'' || ''[[Syringodium]]'' Kutz. || (in ''[[Cymodocea]]'')
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Halodule]]'' Endl. || ''[[Halodule]]'' || ''[[Halodule]]'' Endl.  || ''[[Halodule]]'' Endlicher
 
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|-
 
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| 3. ''[[Cymodocea]]'' König ||''[[Cymodocea]]'' ||''[[Cymodocea]]'' K.Koenig (including ''[[Phycoschoenus]]'' (Asch.) Nakai ) || ''[[Cymodocea]]'' König (including ''[[Amphibolis]]'' Agardh ?, ''[[Syringodium]]'' Kütz. ?, ''[[Thalassodendron]]'' den Hartog ?)
 
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|-
 
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| 4. ''[[Amphibolis]]'' Agardh || ''[[Amphibolis]]'' || ''[[Amphibolis]]'' C.Agardh (including ''[[Pectinella]]'' J.M.Black) || (in ''[[Cymodocea]]'')
 
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|-
 
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| 5. ''[[Thalassodendron]]'' de Hartog || (name not found) || ''[[Thalassodendron]]'' Hartog || (in ''[[Cymodocea]]'')
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Ruppiaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| ''[[Ruppia]]'' L. || ''[[Ruppia]]'' || (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' L. in [[Potamogetonaceae]]) || ''[[Ruppia]]'' L.
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Posidoniaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| ''[[Posidonia]]'' König || ''[[Posidonia]]'' || ''[[Posidonia]]'' K.Koenig  || ''[[Posidonia]]'' König
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
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</center>
 
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<center>
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|+ Families and Genera crosses ([[Potamogetonaceae]])
 
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! scope="col"  | Kubitzki (ed. 1998<ref>Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. ''The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae).'' Springer-Verlag, Berlin.</ref>)
 
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! scope="col"  |  Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)<ref>Watson & Dallwitz. Potamogetonaceae. ''The families of flowering plants.'' http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  | data.kew<ref>Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family POTAMOGETONACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?POTAMOGETONACEAE</ref>
 
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! scope="col"  |  APWeb (mobot.org)<ref>VASCULAR PLANT FAMILIES and GENERA. List of Genera in POTAMOGETONACEAE (accessed 2016-06-02) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/alismatalesweb.htm#Potamogetonaceae</ref>
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Potamogetonaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Potamogeton]]'' L. || ''[[Potamogeton]]'' || ''[[Potamogeton]]'' L. || ''[[Potamogeton]]'' L. (including ''[[Coleogeton]]'' Les & Haynes, ''[[Stuckenia]]'' Börner)
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Groenlandia]]'' J. Gray || ''[[Groenlandia]]'' || ''[[Groenlandia]]'' J.Gay || ''[[Groenlandia]]'' J. Gay
 
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|-
 
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| (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' in [[Ruppiaceae]]) || (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' in [[Ruppiaceae]]) || ''[[Ruppia]]'' L.  || (in ''[[Ruppia]]'' in [[Ruppiaceae]])
 
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|-
 
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| (in ''[[Althenia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Lepilaena]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Althenia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Lepilaena]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Althenia]]'' F.Petit: [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Lepilaena]]'' J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.:[[Zannichelliaceae]]) || ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit (including ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Harvey)
 
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|-
 
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| (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' including ''[[Vleisia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]] and ''[[Vleisia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' not found, ''[[Vleisia]]'' Toml. & Posl.: [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' Nakai (including ''[[Vleisia]]'' Tomlinson & Posluszny)
 
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|-
 
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| (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.: [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'': [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.: [[Zannichelliaceae]]) || ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.
 
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|-
 
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! colspan="4"  | [[Zannichelliaceae]]
 
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|-
 
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| 1. ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L. || ''[[Zannichellia]]'' || ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L. || (in ''[[Zannichellia]]'' L.: [[Potamogetonaceae]])
 
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|-
 
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| 2. ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' Nakai (including ''[[Vleisia]]'') || ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'' (excluding ''[[Vleisia]]'') || (name not found) || (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'': [[Potamogetonaceae]])
 
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|-
 
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| 3. ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit (excluding ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Drumm. ex. Harv.) || ''[[Althenia]]'' (excluding ''[[Lepilaena]]'') || ''[[Althenia]]'' F.Petit (excluding ''[[Lepilaena]]'' J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.) || ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit (including ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Harvey)
 
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|-
 
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| 4. ''[[Lepilaena]]'' Drumm. ex. Harv. || ''[[Lepilaena]]'' || ''[[Lepilaena]]'' J.L.Drumm. ex Harv. || (in ''[[Althenia]]'' Petit)
 
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|-
 
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| (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'') || ''[[Vleisia]]'' || ''[[Vleisia]]'' Toml. & Posl. || (in ''[[Pseudalthenia]]'': [[Potamogetonaceae]])
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
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</center>
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist}}
 
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==Further reading==
 
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Waycott, M, McMahon, K, Lavery, P 2014, A Guide to Southern Temperate Seagrasses, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, ISBN 9781486300150
 
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==External links==
 
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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{{commons category|Zosteraceae}}
 
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/Zosterac.htm Zosteraceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
 
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006.
 
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10962 Zosteraceae in the ''Flora of North America'']
 
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=27254&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock  NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
 
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* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Zosteraceae links at CSDL, Texas]
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Zosteraceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Alismatales families]]
 

Latest revision as of 12:09, 30 September 2017

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