Difference between revisions of "Polemoniaceae"

Latest revision as of 11:48, 30 September 2017

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Category:Polemoniaceae

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-{{Automatic taxobox
+#redirect [[:Category:Polemoniaceae]]
-|image = Polemonium_caeruleum_var._nipponicum_01.jpg
-|image_caption = ''Polemonium caeruleum'' (type species)
-|taxon = Polemoniaceae
-|authority = [[Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
-|subdivision_ranks = Genera
-|subdivision = ''[[Acanthogilia]]''<br/>
-''[[Aliciella]]'' *<br/>
-''[[Allophyllum]]''<br/>
-''[[Bonplandia]]''<br/>
-''[[Cantua]]''<br/>
-''[[Cobaea]]'' *<br/>
-''[[Collomia]]''<br/>
-''[[Dayia]]'' *<br/>
-''[[Eriastrum]]''<br/>
-''[[Gilia]]''<br/>
-''[[Gymnosteris]]''<br/>
-''[[Huthia]]''<br/>
-''[[Ipomopsis]]''<br/>
-''[[Langloisia]]''<br/>
-''[[Lathrocasis]]'' *<br/>
-''[[Leptodactylon]]''<br/>
-''[[Leptosiphon]]'' <br/>
-''[[Linanthus]]''<br/>
-''[[Loeselia]]''<br/>
-''[[Loeseliastrum]]''<br/>
-''[[Microsteris]]'' *<br/>
-''[[Navarretia]]''<br/>
-''[[Phlox]]''<br/>
-''[[Polemonium]]''<br/>
-''[[Saltugilia]]'' *<br/>
-<nowiki>*</nowiki> not treated as distinct by all botanists
-|}}
-The '''Polemoniaceae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] ('''Jacob's-ladder''' or '''phlox family''') of about 25 [[genus|genera]] with 270-400 [[species]] of [[annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[flowering plant|plants]], native to the [[Northern Hemisphere]] and [[South America]], with the center of diversity in western [[North America]], especially in [[California]].
-Only one genus (''[[Polemonium]]'') is found in [[Europe]], and two (''[[Phlox]]'' and ''[[Polemonium]]'') in [[Asia]], where they are confined to cool temperate to arctic regions; both genera also occur more widely in North America, suggesting relatively recent colonization of the Old World from North America.
-The family can be distinguished from most other [[eudicot]] families by the [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] made up of three fused [[carpel]]s (usually with three chambers, but one chamber in some species).<ref name="grant1998">{{citation | doi = 10.2307/2446408 | title = Primary Classification and Phylogeny of the Polemoniaceae, with Comments on Molecular Cladistics | year = 1998 | author = Grant, Verne | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 85 | pages = 741–752 | url = http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/85/6/741 | issue = 6 | publisher = Botanical Society of America | jstor = 2446408 }}</ref>  The members of the family have five [[sepal]]s, five [[petal]]s fused, and five [[stamen]]s that alternate with the lobes of the [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]].
-For decades, most sources used a classification of the family published by Grant in 1959, but new evidence, including [[molecular phylogeny]], veins of the corolla, pollen, and the [[flavonoid]]s present, have led to reclassifications, such as the 1998 classification by Grant.<ref name="grant1998"/>  It recognizes two subfamilies.  The subfamily Cobaeoideae is tropical/subtropical and composed of six genera organized into five tribes.  The subfamily Polemonioideae consists of 13 temperate genera.  Grant divides it into three tribes, but with the disclaimer that it is not clear what the correct division is and that the genus classifications may be more useful in this subfamily.<ref name="grant1998"/>
-==Cultivation and uses==
-Although few are of economic importance, a number are widely grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, such as ''[[Ipomopsis aggregata]]'' (scarlet gilia), and many species of ''[[Phlox]]'' and ''[[Polemonium]]''. The [[Cantuta|kantuta]] (''[[Cantua buxifolia]]'') is the national flower of [[Bolivia]] and [[Peru]].
-==Genera==
-The 25 [[genus|genera]] are:
-{{colbegin||18em}}
-*''[[Acanthogilia]]''
-*''[[Aliciella]]'' *
-*''[[Allophyllum]]''
-*''[[Bonplandia]]''
-*''[[Cantua]]''
-*''[[Cobaea]]'' *
-*''[[Collomia]]''
-*''[[Dayia]]'' *
-*''[[Eriastrum]]''
-*''[[Gilia]]''
-*''[[Gymnosteris]]''
-*''[[Huthia]]''
-*''[[Ipomopsis]]''
-*''[[Langloisia]]''
-*''[[Lathrocasis]]'' *
-*''[[Leptodactylon]]''
-*''[[Leptosiphon]]''
-*''[[Linanthus]]''
-*''[[Loeselia]]''
-*''[[Loeseliastrum]]''
-*''[[Microsteris]]'' *
-*''[[Navarretia]]''
-*''[[Phlox]]''
-*''[[Polemonium]]''
-*''[[Saltugilia]]'' *
-{{colend}}
-Genera with an asterisk (*) are not treated as distinct by all botanists.
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-{{commons category}}
-* [http://tolweb.org/Polemoniaceae Tree of Life Polemoniaceae]
-* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/polemoni.htm Polemoniaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.]
-{{taxonbar}}
-[[Category:Polemoniaceae| ]]
-[[Category:Ericales families]]

Difference between revisions of "Polemoniaceae"

Latest revision as of 11:48, 30 September 2017

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