Difference between revisions of "Capparaceae"

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{{Taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Capparaceae]]
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| name = Capparaceae
 
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| image = Capullito capullito.JPG
 
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| image_caption = [[Caper]] (''Capparis spinosa'')
 
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|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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|unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
 
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
 
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|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
 
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| ordo = [[Brassicales]]
 
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| familia = '''Capparaceae'''
 
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| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?210 |title=Family: ''Capparaceae''  Juss., nom. cons.  |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-04-12 |accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref><ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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| subdivision = See text.
 
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}}
 
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The '''Capparaceae''' (or '''Capparidaceae'''), commonly known as the [[caper]] family, are a family of plants in the order [[Brassicales]]. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are ''[[Capparis]]'' (about 150 species), ''[[Maerua]]'' (about 100 species), ''[[Boscia]]'' (37 species) and ''[[Cadaba]]'' (30 species).
 
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==Relationships==
 
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The Capparaceae have long been considered closely related to and have often been included in the [[Brassicaceae]], the mustard family (APG, 1998), in part because both groups produce [[glucosinolate]] ([[mustard oil]]) compounds. Subsequent molecular studies<ref>(Hall et al., 2002, 2008)</ref> support Capparaceae'' sensu stricto'' as [[Paraphyly|paraphyletic]] with respect to the Brassicaceae. However ''[[Cleome]]'' and several related genera are more closely related to members of the Brassicaceae than to the other Capparaceae. These genera are now either placed in the Brassicaceae (as subfamily Clemoideae) or segregated into the [[Cleomaceae]]. Several more genera of the traditional Capparaceae are more closely related to other members of the Brassicales, and the relationships of several more remain unresolved.<ref>(Hall et al. 2004).</ref> Based on morphological grounds and supported by molecular studies, the American species traditionally identified as ''Capparis'' have been transferred to resurrected [[genus|generic]] names. Several new genera have also been recently described.<ref>(Cornejo & Iltis 2006, 2008a-e; Iltis & Cornejo, 2007; Hall, 2008).</ref>
 
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==Genera==
 
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{|
 
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|- valign=top
 
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*''[[Anisocapparis]]'' <small>Cornejo & H.H.Iltis</small>
 
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*''[[Apophyllum]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small>
 
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*''[[Bachmannia]]'' <small>Pax</small>
 
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*''[[Belencita]]'' <small>H.Karst.</small>
 
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*''[[Borthwickia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
 
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*''[[Boscia]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
 
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*''[[Buchholzia]]'' <small>Engl.</small>
 
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*''[[Cadaba]]'' <small>Forssk.</small>
 
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*''[[Calanthea]]'' <small>(DC.) Miers</small>
 
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*''[[Capparicordis]]'' <small>Iltis & Cornejo</small>
 
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*''[[Capparidastrum]]'' <small>(DC.) Hutch.</small>
 
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|
 
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*''[[Capparis]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Cladostemon]]'' <small>A.Braun & Vatke</small>
 
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*''[[Colicodendron]]'' <small>Mart.</small>
 
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*''[[Crateva]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Cynophalla]]'' <small>J.Presl</small>
 
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*''[[Dhofaria]]'' <small>A.G.Mill.</small>
 
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*''[[Dipterygium]]'' <small>Decne.</small>
 
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*''[[Euadenia]]'' <small>Oliv.</small>
 
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*''[[Hispaniolanthus]]'' <small>Cornejo & H.H.Iltis</small>
 
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*''[[Maerua]]'' <small>Forssk.</small>
 
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*''[[Mesocapparis]]'' <small>(Eichl.) Cornejo & H.H.Iltis</small>
 
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|
 
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*''[[Monilicarpa]]'' <small>Cornejo & H.H.Iltis</small>
 
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*''[[Morisonia]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Neocalyptrocalyx]]'' <small>Hutch.</small>
 
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*''[[Neothorelia]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
 
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*''[[Poilanedora]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
 
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*''[[Puccionia]]'' <small>Chiov.</small>
 
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*''[[Quadrella]]'' <small>J.Presl</small>
 
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*''[[Ritchiea]]'' <small>R.Br. ex G.Don</small>
 
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*''[[Sarcotoxicum]]'' <small>Cornejo & H.H.Iltis</small>
 
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*''[[Steriphoma]]'' <small>Spreng.</small>
 
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*''[[Thilachium]]'' <small>Lour.</small><ref name="GRINGenera">{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?210 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991216180044/http://www.ars-grin.gov:80/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?210 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=1999-12-16 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Capparaceae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2011-01-31 }}</ref>
 
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|}
 
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===Excluded genera===
 
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*''[[Cleome]]'' <small>L.</small> → [[Cleomaceae]]
 
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*''[[Cleomella]]'' <small>DC.</small> → Cleomaceae
 
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*''[[Dactylaena]]'' <small>Schrad. ex Schult.f.</small> → Cleomaceae
 
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*''[[Forchhammeria]]'' <small>Liebm.</small> → [[Stixaceae]]
 
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*''[[Haptocarpum]]'' <small>Ule</small> → Cleomaceae
 
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*''[[Koeberlinia]]'' <small>Zucc.</small> → [[Koeberliniaceae]]
 
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*''[[Oxystylis]]'' <small>Torr. & Frem.</small> → Cleomaceae
 
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*''[[Pentadiplandra]]'' <small>Baill.</small> → [[Pentadiplandra]]ceae
 
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*''[[Podandrogyne]]'' <small>Ducke</small> → Cleomaceae
 
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*''[[Polanisia]]'' <small>Raf.</small> → Cleomaceae
 
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*''[[Setchellanthus]]'' <small>Brandegee</small> → [[Setchellanthaceae]]
 
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*''[[Stixis (plant)|Stixis]]'' <small>Lour.</small> → Stixaceae
 
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*''[[Tirania]]'' <small>Pierre</small> → Stixaceae
 
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*''[[Wislizenia]]'' <small>Engelm.</small> → Cleomaceae<ref name="GRINExcluded">{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?210 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000601025316/http://www.ars-grin.gov:80/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?210 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2000-06-01 |title=GRIN genera sometimes placed in ''Capparaceae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2011-01-31 }}</ref>
 
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;Additional genera to be excluded from the Capparaceae, according to Kers in [[Kubitzki system|Kubitzki]]
 
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;;1. Genera that may be capparalean but do not fit within the Capparaceae
 
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*''[[Neothorelia]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
 
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;;2. Genera insufficiently known, but whose descriptions indicate they cannot belong to the Capparaceae
 
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*''[[Borthwickia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small> → [[Borthwickia]]ceae<ref name=Su2012>{{cite journal|last1=Su|first1=Jun-Xia|last2=Wang |first2=Wei |last3=Zhang |first3=Li-Bing |last4=Chen |first4=Zhi-Duan|title=Phylogenetic placement of two enigmatic genera, Borthwickia and Stixis, based on molecular and pollen data, and the description of a new family of Brassicales, Borthwickiaceae|journal=Taxon|date=June 2012|volume=61|issue=3|pages=601–611}}</ref> 
 
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*''[[Keithia]]'' <small>Spreng.</small>
 
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*''[[Poilanedora]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
 
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;;3. Genera not treated in Kubitzki, but usually regarded as Capparaceae
 
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*''[[Buhsia]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
 
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*''[[Niebuhria]]'' <small>DC.</small>
 
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== References ==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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==Further reading==
 
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*Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2006. New combinations in Capparaceae sensu stricto for Flora of Ecuador. ''Harvard Pap. Bot.'' 11(1): 17–18.
 
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*Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008a. Two new genera of Capparaceae: ''Sarcotoxicum'' and ''Mesocapparis'' stat. nov., and the reinstatement of ''Neocalyptrocalyx''. ''Harvard Pap. Bot.'' 13(1): 103-116.
 
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*Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008b. New combinations in South American Capparaceae. ''Harvard Pap. Bot.'' 13(1): 117-120.
 
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*Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008c. ''Anisocapparis'' y ''Monilicarpa'': dos nuevos géneros de Capparaceae de América del Sur. ''J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas'' 2(1): 61-74.
 
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*Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008d. The reinstatement of ''Capparidastrum''. ''Harvard Pap. Bot.'' 13(2): 229-236.
 
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*Cornejo, X. & H. H. Iltis. 2008e. A revision of ''Colicodendron'' Mart. (Capparaceae s.s.). ''J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas'', 2(1): 75-93.
 
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* {{Cite book |last1=Everitt |first1=J.H. |last2=Lonard |first2=R.L. |last3=Little |first3=C.R. |title=Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |location=Lubbock |year=2007}} {{ISBN|0-89672-614-2}}
 
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*Hall, J. C., K. J. Sytsma and H. H. Iltis. 2002. Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data. ''American Journal of Botany'' 89: 1826-1842 (abstract [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/11/1826 here]).
 
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*Hall, J. C., H. H. Iltis and K. J. Sytsma. 2004. Molecular phylogenetics of core Brassicales, placement of orphan genera ''Emblingia'', ''Forchhammeria'', ''Tirania'', and character evolution. ''Systematic Botany'' 29: 654-669 (abstract [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aspt/sb/2004/00000029/00000003/art00012 here]).
 
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*Hall, J. C. 2008. Systematics of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using plastid DNA sequence data. ''Botany'' 86: 682–696.
 
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*Iltis, H. H. & Cornejo, X. 2007. Studies in the Capparaceae XXX. ''Capparicordis'', a new genus from the Neotropics. ''Brittonia'' 59: 246–254.
 
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*Kers, L. E. 2003. Capparaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Series Editor):''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'', Vol.5: K. Kubitzki & C. Bayer (Volume Editors).Springer-Verlag Berlin, 36-56. {{ISBN|3-540-42873-9}}
 
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* Takhtajan, A. 1997. ''Diversity and classification of flowering plants''. {{ISBN|0-231-10098-1}}
 
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==External links==
 
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{{Commons category}}
 
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{{Wikispecies}}
 
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* [http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Capparaceae.htm Capparaceae, in Neotropikey]
 
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* [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/osa/family_list.php?Where=DetFiledAsFamilyLocal+=+'Capparaceae'+AND+ColProjectsLocal_tab+has+'Plants+of+the+Osa+Peninsula,+Costa+Rica'&LimitPerPage=MAX_QUERY_RECORDS Capparaceae, in Flowering Plants of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica.]
 
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060827055138/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu:80/faculty/carr/cappar.htm Photos at University of Hawaii site]
 
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061101100756/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/capparid.htm Capparaceae, as Capparidaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).
 
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* [http://www.flowersinisrael.com/FamCapparaceae.html Family Capparaceae flowers in Israel]
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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{{Authority control}}
 
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[[Category:Capparaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Brassicales families]]
 

Latest revision as of 16:25, 17 September 2017

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