Difference between revisions of "Nyctaginaceae"

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{{taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Nyctaginaceae]]
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|name = Nyctaginaceae
 
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|image = Mirabilis_jalapa_yellow.jpg
 
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|image_caption = Garden Four O'Clock (''[[Mirabilis jalapa]]'') flowers
 
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|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
 
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
 
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
 
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|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
 
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|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
 
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|familia = '''Nyctaginaceae'''
 
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|familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Tribes
 
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|subdivision = [[Boldoeae]]<br>
 
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[[Bougainvilleeae]]<br>
 
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[[Caribea|Caribeeae]]<br>
 
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[[Colignonia|Colignonieae]]<br>
 
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[[Leucastereae]]<br>
 
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[[Nyctagineae]]<br>
 
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[[Pisonieae]]
 
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|synonyms = Allioniaceae <small>Horan.</small><br>
 
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Bougainvilleaceae <small>J.Agardh</small><br>
 
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Mirabilidaceae <small>W.R.B.Oliv.</small><br>
 
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Pisoniaceae <small>J.Agardh</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?777 |title=Family: ''Nyctaginaceae''  Juss., nom. cons. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2003-01-17 |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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|}}
 
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'''Nyctaginaceae''', the four o'clock family, is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of [[flowering plant]]s, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. The family has a unique fruit type, called an "[[anthocarp]]", and many genera have extremely large (>100 [[µm]]) pollen grains.
 
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The family has been almost universally recognized by plant taxonomists. The [[APG II system]] (2003; unchanged from the [[APG system]] of 1998), assigns it to the order [[Caryophyllales]] in the clade [[core eudicots]].
 
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A phylogenetic study by Levin has justified the combination of ''Selinocarpus'' and ''Ammocodon'' into the genus ''[[Acleisanthes]]''.  The genus ''Izabalea'' is now considered a synonym of ''[[Agonandra]]'', a genus in [[Opiliaceae]].  A more recent study by Douglas and Manos clarified the relationships among almost all of the genera in the family and demonstrated that a substantial diversification of herbaceous genera has occurred in arid North America.  Many genera of Nyctaginaceae possess unusual characters. Notable examples include sticky bands on the stems between the nodes, [[cleistogamous]] flowers (which self-pollinate without opening), or [[gypsophily]], the ability to grow on soils with a high concentration of [[gypsum]].
 
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==Genera==
 
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{|
 
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|- valign=top
 
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;Tribe [[Boldoeae]]
 
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*''[[Boldoa]]'' <small>Cav. ex Lag.</small>
 
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*''[[Cryptocarpus]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
 
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*''[[Salpianthus]]'' <small>Humb. & Bonpl.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2700 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Boldoeae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe [[Bougainvilleeae]]
 
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*''[[Belemia]]'' <small>Pires</small>
 
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*''[[Bougainvillea]]'' <small>Comm. ex Juss.</small>
 
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*''[[Phaeoptilum]]'' <small>Radlk.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2696 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Bougainvilleeae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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; Tribe [[Caribea|Caribeeae]]
 
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*''[[Caribea]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2698 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Caribeeae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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|
 
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; Tribe [[Caribea|Colignonieae]]
 
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*''[[Colignonia]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2697 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Colignonieae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe [[Nyctagineae]]
 
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*''[[Abronia (plant)|Abronia]]'' <small>[[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]</small>
 
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*''[[Acleisanthes]]'' <small>[[Asa Gray|A.Gray]]</small>
 
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*''[[Allionia]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Anulocaulis]]'' <small>[[Paul Carpenter Standley|Standl.]]</small>
 
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*''[[Boerhavia]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Commicarpus]]'' <small>Standl.</small>
 
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*''[[Cuscatlania]]'' <small>Standl.</small>
 
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|
 
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*''[[Cyphomeris]]'' <small>Standl.</small>
 
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*''[[Mirabilis (plant)|Mirabilis]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Nyctaginia]]'' <small>Choisy</small>
 
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*''[[Okenia (plant)|Okenia]]'' <small>Schlecht. & Cham.</small>
 
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*''[[Tripterocalyx]]'' <small>(Torr.) Hook.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2694 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Nyctagineae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe [[Leucastereae]]
 
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*''[[Andradea]]'' <small>Allemão</small>
 
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*''[[Leucaster]]'' <small>Choisy</small>
 
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*''[[Ramisia]]'' <small>Glaz. ex Baill.</small>
 
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*''[[Reichenbachia]]'' <small>Spreng.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2699 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Leucastereae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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;Tribe [[Pisonieae]]
 
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*''[[Cephalotomandra]]'' <small>H.Karst. & Triana</small>
 
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*''[[Grajalesia]]'' <small>Miranda</small>
 
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*''[[Guapira]]'' <small>Aubl.</small>
 
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*''[[Neea]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
 
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*''[[Neeopsis]]'' <small>Lundell</small>
 
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*''[[Pisonia]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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*''[[Pisoniella]]'' <small>(Heimerl) Standl.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?2695 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Nyctaginaceae'' tribe ''Pisonieae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref>
 
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|}
 
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==Uses==
 
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The family contains one food crop, the [[mauka]] (''Mirabilis extensa''), a [[root vegetable]] of minor local importance in the [[Andes]]. Garden Four-O'Clocks ''[[Mirabilis jalapa]]''  species are grown as [[ornamental plant]]s, as are species of ''[[Bougainvillea]]'' (''Bougainvillea glabra, B. spectabilis'', and numerous hybrids), ''[[Bougainvillea]]'' and ''[[Abronia (plant)|Abronia]]'' are commonly cultivated in warmer regions.
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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*Levin, 2000, Phylogenetic relationships within Nyctaginaceae tribe Nyctagineae: Evidence from nuclear and chloroplast genomes. Systematic Botany 24(4) 738-750.  (Subscription req.)
 
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*Douglas, NA and Manos, PS.  2007. Molecular phylogeny of Nyctaginaceae: taxonomy, biogeography, and characters associated with a radiation of xerophytic genera in North America.  American Journal of Botany 94(5) 856-872.
 
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==External links==
 
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{{commons category}}
 
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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*[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/nyctagin.htm Nyctaginaceae] in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ ''The families of flowering plants''].
 
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10617 ''Flora of North America'': Nyctaginaceae]
 
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3536&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
 
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*[http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Nyctaginaceae links at CSDL]
 
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*[http://www.ipni.org/index.html International Plant Names Index]
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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{{authority control}}
 
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[[Category:Nyctaginaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Caryophyllales families]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:44, 14 September 2017

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