Difference between revisions of "Lentibulariaceae"

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{{Automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Lentubulariaceae]]
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|name = Lentibulariaceae
 
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|image =
 
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|image_caption =
 
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|taxon = Lentibulariaceae
 
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|authority = [[Louis Claude Richard|Rich.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
 
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|subdivision = ''[[Genlisea]]''<br>
 
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''[[Pinguicula]]''<br>
 
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''[[Utricularia]]''
 
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}}
 
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'''Lentibulariaceae''', the '''bladderwort family''', is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[carnivorous plant]]s containing three genera: ''[[Genlisea]]'', the corkscrew plants; ''[[Pinguicula]]'', the butterworts; and ''[[Utricularia]]'', the bladderworts.
 
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The genera ''Polypompholyx'' (two species of pink petticoats or fairy aprons) and ''Biovularia'' used to be regarded as fourth and fifth members of this family. ''Biovularia'' has been subsumed into ''Utricularia'', and ''Polypompholyx'' has been relegated to a subgenus of ''Utricularia''. Placement of the family used to be in the [[Scrophulariales]], which has been merged with [[Lamiales]] in the [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] system.
 
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[[Image:Lentibulariaceae - Utricularia Humboldtii.jpg|thumb|left|Lentibulariaceae - ''Utricularia humboldtii'']]
 
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==Evolution==
 
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Carnivory in plants appears to have evolved independently in four major [[angiosperm]] lineages and five orders: [[Poales]], [[Caryophyllales]], [[Oxalidales]], [[Ericales]], and [[Lamiales]].
 
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One common trait found in several Lamiales families that may have led to carnivory is the secretion of [[proteinase]] mucilage through leaf surfaces. This mucilage is generally used to prevent insect predation by trapping and degrading potentially harmful insects. Some research suggests these glands can quite easily shift their function from secretion to absorption. This shift may have first occurred in the [[most recent common ancestor]] (MRCA) of the Lentibulariaceae, introducing absorptive glands that provided additional [[macronutrients]] through trapped insects. The additional source of nutrients may have increased fitness of plants growing in low-nutrient habitats which eventually caused an embrace of carnivory. Further mapping of traits also suggests the MRCA was terrestrial and possessed a basal [[rosette (botany)|rosette]] composed of flat leaves and a primary root.
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
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*{{cite journal|author1=Ellison, A.  |author2=Gotelli, N.|year= 2009|title= Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants-Darwin's 'most wonderful plants in the world'|journal= Journal of Experimental Botany|volume= 60|pages= 19–42|doi=10.1093/jxb/ern179|pmid=19213724|issue=1}} (abstract [http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/60/1/19.abstract here]).
 
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*{{cite journal|author=Jobson, Richard W., Playford, Julia, Cameron, Kenneth M. and Albert, Victor A.|year= 2003|title= Molecular Phylogenetics of Lentibulariaceae Inferred from Plastid rps16 Intron and trnL-F DNA Sequences: Implications for Character Evolution and Biogeography| journal=  Systematic Botany|volume= 28|pages= 157–171}} (abstract [http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=0363-6445&volume=028&issue=01&page=0157 here]).
 
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*{{cite journal|author1=K. Müller |author2=T. Borsch |author3=L. Legendre |author4=S. Porembski |author5=I. Theisen |author6=W. Barthlott |year= 2004|title= Evolution of Carnivory in Lentibulariaceae and the Lamiales|journal= Plant Biology (Stuttgart)|volume= 6|pages= 477–490|doi= 10.1055/s-2004-817909|pmid=15248131|issue=4}} (abstract [http://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/abstract/plantbiology/doi/10.1055/s-2004-817909 here]).
 
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==External links==
 
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*[http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/cp_home.cgi Carnivorous Plant database]
 
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*[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/lentibul.htm Lentibulariaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Lentibulariaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Lamiales families]]
 

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