Difference between revisions of "Gunnerales"

Latest revision as of 12:04, 9 September 2017

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Category:Gunnerales

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-{{Expand Spanish|Gunnerales|topic=sci|date=December 2009}}
+#redirect [[:Category:Gunnerales]]
-{{Automatic taxobox
-|taxon = Gunnerales
-|image = Gunnera tinctoria0.jpg
-|image_caption = ''[[Gunnera]]''
-|authority = [[Armen Takhtajan|Takht.]] ex [[James L. Reveal|Reveal]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
-|subdivision_ranks = Families
-|subdivision = *[[Gunneraceae]]
-*[[Myrothamnaceae]]
-|}}
-The '''Gunnerales''' are an order of [[flowering plants]]. In the [[APG III system]] (2009) and [[APG IV system]] (2016) it contains two genera: ''[[Gunnera]]'' (in family [[Gunneraceae]]) and ''[[Myrothamnus]]'' (in family [[Myrothamnaceae]]). In the [[Cronquist system]] (1981), the Gunneraceae were in the [[Haloragales]] and Myrothamnaceae in the [[Hamamelidales]].<ref name=APGIII2009/>
-DNA analysis was definitive, but the grouping of the two families was a surprise, given their very dissimilar morphologies. In Cronquist's old system (1981, 1988), and Takhtajan's (1997), the Gunneraceae were in the Rosidae, and the Myrothamnaceae were in the Hamamelids.
-In modern classification systems such as APG III and APG IV this order was the first to derive from the core eudicots.<ref name=APGIII2009/><ref name=APGIV2016>{{Cite journal|authors=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|authorlink=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016|title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV|journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]]|volume=181|issue=1|pages=1–20|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/epdf|format=PDF|issn=00244074|doi=10.1111/boj.12385}}</ref>
-==Description==
-Both families contain [[ellagic acid]]. [[Phloem]] cells contain a large number of plastids and the leaves have dented borders.
-The plants are dioecious, have small flowers without [[perianth]], and the stigma is at least weakly secretory. Gunnerales characters shared with the core of the eudicots are [[cyanogenesis]] via [[phenylalanine]], metabolic pathways of isoleucine or valine, presence of the DNA sequence of PI-dB motif, 9 and is common to suffer a small deletion in the sequence of 18S ribosomal DNA. The characters which it shares with the core of eudicotyledons, and also with Buxales and Trochodendrales are: absence of [[benzylisoquinoline]] alkaloids, ''euAP3'' + ''TM6'' genes (gene duplication ''paleoAP3'': Class B), and loss of the [[mitochondria]]l gene ''rps2''.
-==Ecology==
-Despite being related, the [[Myrothamnaceae]] and the [[Gunneraceae]] look very different:
-* The  Gunneraceae are a mesophilic herb (often oversized), and the hydathodes are well developed and secrete mucilage or perhaps a resinous coating.
-* The  Myrothamnaceae are a reviviscent shrub of arid habitats, and the hydathodes are poorly developed and secrete plant resin.
-Both have flowers without perianth, but the details of pollen (e.g. Zavada and Dilcher see 1986 10, Wanntorp et al. 2004th 2004b 11 and 12) differ. In Wilkinson 2000 13 is a table of differences.
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/gunneralesweb.htm#Gunnerales Gunnerales] in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Website]. Version 7, May 2006.
-{{taxonbar}}
-[[Category:Gunnerales| ]]
-[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]

Difference between revisions of "Gunnerales"

Latest revision as of 12:04, 9 September 2017

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