Difference between revisions of "Santalales"

Revision as of 12:27, 9 September 2017

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Category:Santanales

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-{{Automatic taxobox
+#redirect [[:Category:Santanales]]
-|taxon = Santalales
-|authority =
-|image = Starr_041006-0222_Santalum_haleakalae.jpg
-|image_caption = ''Santalum haleakalae''
-|subdivision_ranks = Families
-|subdivision = See text
-|}}
-The '''Santalales''' are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[flowering plant]]s with a [[cosmopolitan distribution]], but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions. It derives its name from its [[type genus]] ''[[Santalum]]'' (sandalwood). [[Mistletoe]] is the common name for a number of parasitic plants within the order.
-== Overview ==
-Many of the members of the order are [[parasitic plant]]s, mostly hemiparasites, able to produce sugars through [[photosynthesis]], but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals; some (e.g. ''[[Arceuthobium]]'') are obligate [[parasite]]s, have low concentrations of [[chlorophyll]] within their shoots (1/5 to 1/10 of that found in their host’s foliage), and derive the majority of their sustenance from their hosts' vascular tissues (water, [[micronutrient|micro-]] and [[macronutrient]]s, and sucrose).
-Most have [[seed]]s without [[testa (botany)|testa]]e (seed coats), which is unusual for flowering plants.
-== Classification ==
-The [[APG III system]] of 2009 (slightly changed from the [[APG II system]] of 2003 and the [[APG system]] of 1998) uses this circumscription:
-* order Santalales
-:* family [[Balanophoraceae]]
-:* family [[Loranthaceae]]
-:* family [[Misodendraceae]]
-:* family [[Olacaceae]]
-:* family [[Opiliaceae]]
-:* family [[Santalaceae]]
-:* family [[Schoepfiaceae]]
-The [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html Angiosperm Phylogeny website] indicates the Olacaceae (''sensu'' APG II) are not a good family and should be split. Furthermore, it indicates disagreements about Santalaceae which need to include Viscaceae to be monophyletic (as is done in APG III). Studies based on DNA sequences also indicate the family [[Schoepfiaceae]] should be resurrected (as has been done in the updated APG III-publication) to accommodate ''Schoepfia'' (formerly in Olacaceae), ''Arjona'' and ''Quinchamalium'' (both previously in Santalaceae).
-In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Santalales were in the [[superorder]] Santaliflorae (also called Santalanae). The [[Cronquist system]] (1981) used this circumscription:
-* order Santalales
-:* family [[Medusandraceae]]
-:* family [[Dipentodontaceae]]
-:* family [[Olacaceae]]
-:* family [[Opiliaceae]]
-:* family [[Santalaceae]]
-:* family [[Misodendraceae]]
-:* family [[Loranthaceae]]
-:* family [[Viscaceae]]
-:* family [[Eremolepidaceae]]
-:* family [[Balanophoraceae]]
-The families Viscaceae and Eremolepidaceae are included in the family Santalaceae by the APG.  The genera ''[[Dipentodon]]'' (Dipentodontaceae) and ''[[Medusandra]]'' (family Medusandraceae) are regarded as unplaced by APG II (as is the family Balanophoraceae, now likely to be reincluded; see above).
-The family Medusandraceae consisted of two genera: ''Soyauxia'' and ''Medusandra''. Molecular evidence places them within the family Peridiscaceae of the order Saxifragales. The Chinese monotypic genus ''Dipentodon'' is close to ''Tapiscia'' and is proposed to constitute the new order Huerteales with Tapisciaceae and the genus ''Perrottetia'' formerly placed in the family Celastraceae.
-==References==
-{{commons category}}
-{{wikispecies|santalales}}
-* {{cite book|last = Hawksworth|first = FG|title = Dwarf mistletoes : biology, pathology, and systematics |publisher = USDA For. Serv. Agric. Handb|year = 1996|pages = 409}}
-* {{cite book|last1 = Soltis|first1 = Douglas E. |authorlink1=Douglas E. Soltis |last2=Soltis |first2=Pamela S. |authorlink2 = Pamela S. Soltis |first3=Peter K. |last3=Endress |first4=Mark W. |last4=Chase |authorlink4=Mark Wayne Chase |title = Phylogeny & Evolution of Angiosperms |publisher = Sinauer Associates |date = 2005-06-15|pages = 370|isbn = 978-0-87893-817-9}}
-* [http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/ListParasites.html#anchor530678 Santalales on the Parasitic Plant Connection web page]
-* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=41947&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
-[[Category:Santalales| ]]
-[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]

Difference between revisions of "Santalales"

Revision as of 12:27, 9 September 2017

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