Difference between revisions of "Piperales"

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{{Automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Piperales]]
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| taxon = Piperales
 
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| image = Piper aduncum.jpg
 
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| image_caption = ''[[Piper aduncum]]''
 
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| authority = [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]{{r|APG3}}
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Families
 
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| subdivision =
 
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*[[Aristolochiaceae]]
 
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*[[Piperaceae]]
 
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*[[Saururaceae]]
 
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}}
 
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'''Piperales''' is a [[botanical name]] for an order of [[flowering plant]]s. It necessarily includes the family [[Piperaceae]] but otherwise has been treated variously over time.  Well-known plants which may be included in this order include [[black pepper]], [[kava]], [[Saururaceae|lizard's tail]], [[Aristolochia|birthwort]], and [[Asarum|wild ginger]].
 
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==Classification==
 
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===APG system===
 
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In the [[APG IV system]], of 2016, this order is placed in the clade [[magnoliids]] and is circumscribed as follows:{{r|APG4}}
 
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*order '''Piperales'''
 
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*: family [[Aristolochiaceae]] (including [[Asaraceae]], [[Hydnoraceae]] and [[Lactoridaceae]])
 
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*: family [[Piperaceae]]
 
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*: family [[Saururaceae]]
 
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{| style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"
 
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|-
 
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|{{clade| style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 
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|label1=[[Magnoliids]]
 
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|1={{clade
 
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|1={{clade
 
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|1=[[Canellales]]
 
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|2={{clade
 
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|label1='''Piperales'''
 
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|1={{clade
 
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|1=[[Aristolochiaceae]]
 
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|2={{clade
 
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|1=[[Piperaceae]]
 
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|2=[[Saururaceae]]
 
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}}
 
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}}
 
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}}
 
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}}
 
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|2={{clade
 
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|1=[[Laurales]]
 
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|2=[[Magnoliales]]
 
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}}
 
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}}
 
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}}
 
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|-style="font-size:90%;"
 
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| colspan=2 | The current composition and [[phylogenetics|phylogeny]] of the Piperales.{{r|APG4}}{{r|APWeb}}
 
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|}
 
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This is an expansion from the [[APG system]], of 1998, which used the same placement (in the '''magnoliids''') but used this circumscription:
 
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* order Piperales''
 
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*: family Aristolochiaceae
 
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*: family Lactoridaceae
 
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*: family Piperaceae
 
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*: family Saururaceae
 
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===Earlier systems===
 
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The [[Cronquist system]], of 1981, placed the order in the subclass [[Magnoliidae sensu Cronquist|Magnoliidae]] of class [[Magnoliopsida]] [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:
 
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* order Piperales
 
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*: family [[Chloranthaceae]]
 
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*: family Piperaceae
 
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*: family Saururaceae
 
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The [[Engler system]], in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis [[Archichlamydeae]] in class [[Dicotyledoneae]] [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:  
 
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* order Piperales
 
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*: family Chloranthaceae
 
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*: family Lactoridaceae
 
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*: family Piperaceae
 
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*: family Saururaceae
 
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The [[Wettstein system]], latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the [[Monochlamydeae]] in subclass [[Choripetalae]] of class [[Dicotyledones]]. It used the circumscription:
 
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* order Piperales
 
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*: family Piperaceae
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist|refs=
 
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<ref name="APG3">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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<ref name="APG4">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/abstract |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref>
 
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<ref name="APWeb">{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Piperales |work=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/piperalesweb2.htm#Piperales}}</ref>
 
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}}
 
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{{commons category}}
 
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Piperales| ]]
 
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[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
 

Latest revision as of 20:08, 8 September 2017

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