Difference between revisions of "Myrtales"

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{{Automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Myrtales]]
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| taxon = Myrtales
 
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| image = Lumnitzera littorea.jpg
 
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| image_caption = ''[[Lumnitzera]] littorea''
 
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| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ''ex'' [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]<ref name="apgiii"/>
 
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| subdivision_ranks = Families
 
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| subdivision =
 
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* [[Alzateaceae]]
 
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* [[Combretaceae]]
 
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* [[Crypteroniaceae]]
 
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* [[Lythraceae]]
 
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* [[Melastomataceae]]
 
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* [[Myrtaceae]]
 
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* [[Onagraceae]]
 
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* [[Penaeaceae]]
 
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* [[Vochysiaceae]]
 
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}}
 
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[[Image:Blue Eyes Fuchsia.JPG|thumb|'''Blue Eyes [[Fuchsia]]''' flower and buds, from order Myrtales and family [[Onagraceae]]]]
 
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The '''Myrtales''' are an order of [[flowering plant]]s placed as a sister to the [[eurosids II]] clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014.<ref name=Myburg>{{cite journal | last1 = Myburg | first1 = A.A. | last2 = Grattapaglia | first2 = D. | last3 = Tuskan | first3 = G.A. | last4 = Hellsten | first4 = U. | last5 = Hayes | first5 = R.D. | last6 = Grimwood | first6 = J. | last7 = Jenkins | first7 = J. | last8 = Lindquist | first8 = E. | last9 = Tice | first9 = H. | last10 = Bauer | first10 = D. | display-authors = etal  | year = 2014 | title = The genome of Eucalyptus grandis | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 510 | issue = | page = 356 }}</ref> The [[APG III system]] of classification for [[angiosperms]] still places it within the eurosids. The following families are included as of APG{{nbsp}}III:<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG&nbsp;III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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* [[Alzateaceae]] <small>S. A. Graham</small>
 
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* [[Combretaceae]] <small>R. Br.</small> ([[Combretum imberbe|leadwood]] family)
 
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* [[Crypteroniaceae]] <small>A. DC.</small>
 
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* [[Lythraceae]] <small>J. St.-Hil.</small> ([[Lythrum|loosestrife]] and [[pomegranate]] family)
 
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* [[Melastomataceae]] <small>Juss.</small> (including [[Memecylaceae]] <small>DC.</small>)
 
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* [[Myrtaceae]] <small>Juss.</small> (myrtle family; including [[Heteropyxidaceae]] <small>Engl. & Gilg</small>, [[Psiloxylaceae]] <small>Croizat</small>)
 
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* [[Onagraceae]] <small>Juss.</small> ([[evening primrose]] family)
 
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* [[Penaeaceae]] <small>Sweet ex Guill.</small> (including [[Oliniaceae]] <small>Arn.</small>, [[Rhynchocalycaceae]] <small>L. A. S. Johnson & B. G. Briggs</small>)
 
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* [[Vochysiaceae]] <small>A. St.-Hil.</small>
 
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The [[Cronquist system]] gives essentially the same composition, except the [[Vochysiaceae]] are removed to the order [[Polygalales]], and the [[Thymelaeaceae]] are included. The families [[Sonneratiaceae]], [[Trapaceae]], and [[Punicaceae]] are removed from the Lythraceae. In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Myrtales were in the [[superorder]] Myrtiflorae (also called Myrtanae). The APG{{nbsp}}III system agrees with the older Cronquist circumscriptions of treating Psiloxylaceae and Heteropyxidaceae within Myrtaceae, and Memecyclaceae within Melastomataceae.
 
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[[Ellagitannin]]s are reported in dicotyledoneous angiospermes, and notably in species in the order Myrtales.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yoshida | first1 = Takashi | last2 = Amakura | first2 = Yoshiaki | last3 = Yoshimura | first3 = Morio | year = 2010 | title = Structural Features and Biological Properties of Ellagitannins in Some Plant Families of the Order Myrtales | url = | journal = Int. J. Mol. Sci. | volume = 11 | issue = | pages = 79–106 | doi = 10.3390/ijms11010079 }}</ref>
 
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==Origins==
 
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Myrtales is dated to have begun 89–99 million years ago (mya) in Australasia. There is some contention as to that date however, which was obtained using nuclear DNA. When looking at chloroplast DNA, the myrtales ancestor is instead considered to have evolved in the mid-Cretaceous period (100{{nbsp}}mya) in Southeast Africa, rather than in Australasia.<ref name="Grattapaglia">Grattapaglia, D., Vaillancourt, R.{{nbsp}}E., Shepherd, M., Thumma, B.{{nbsp}}R., Foley, W., Kulheim, C., Potts, B.{{nbsp}}M., and Myburg, A.{{nbsp}}A. (2012). Progress in myrtaceae genetics and genomics: Eucalyptus as the pivotal genus. Tree Genetics and Genomes 8, 463–508.</ref> Although the APG system classifies myrtales as within the eurosids, the recently published genome of ''Eucalyptus grandis'' places the order myrtales as a sister to the eurosids rather than inside them. The discrepancy is thought to have arisen due to the difference between using a large number of taxa versus using a large number of genes for constructing a phylogeny.<ref name=Myburg/>
 
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== References ==<!-- SystBiol56:591 -->
 
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{{Reflist}}
 
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Conti | first1 = E. | last2 = Erikkson | first2 = T. | last3 = Schonenberger | first3 = J. | last4 = Sytsma | first4 = K. J. | last5 = Baum | first5 = D. A. | year = 2002 | title = Early Tertiary Out-of-India Dispersal of Crypteroniaceae: Evidence from Phylogeny and Molecular Dating | url = | journal = Evolution | volume = 56 | issue = 10| pages = 1931–1942 | doi=10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00119.x}}
 
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Schönenberger | first1 = J. | last2 = Conti | first2 = E. | year = 2003 | title = Molecular phylogeny and floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, and Alzateaceae (Myrtales) | url = | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 90 | issue = | pages = 293–309 | doi=10.3732/ajb.90.2.293 | pmid=21659121}}
 
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== External links ==
 
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{{Commons category|Myrtales}}
 
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{{Wikispecies|Myrtales}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Myrtales| ]]
 
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[[Category:Rosid orders]]
 
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[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
 
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{{Myrtales-stub}}
 

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