Difference between revisions of "Asparagaceae"

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{{Automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Asparagaceae]]
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|image = Asperge_in_bloei_Asparagus_officinalis.jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''Asparagus officinalis'' in flower
 
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|taxon = Asparagaceae
 
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|authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name="APG3"/>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision = ''[[#Genera|See text]]''
 
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|synonyms=
 
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*Asparageae
 
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}}
 
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'''Asparagaceae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants]], placed in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Asparagales]] of the [[monocot]]s.<ref name="APG3">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III|year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=161 |issue=2|pages=105–121|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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In earlier classification systems, the species involved were often treated as belonging to the family [[Liliaceae]]. The [[APG II system]] of 2003 allowed two options as to the circumscription of the family: either Asparagaceae ''sensu lato'' ("in the wider sense") combining seven previously recognized families, or Asparagaceae ''sensu stricto'' ("in the strict sense") consisting of very few genera (notably ''[[Asparagus (genus)|Asparagus]]'', also ''[[Hemiphylacus]]''), but nevertheless totalling a few hundred species. The revised [[APG III system]] of 2009 allows only the broader sense. A paper published at the same time proposed seven subfamilies to correspond to the originally separate families.<ref name="Chase_Reveal_Fay_2009">{{Citation |last=Chase |first=M.W. |last2=Reveal |first2=J.L. |last3=Fay|first3=M.F. |year=2009 |title=A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161|issue=2 |pages=132–136|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x |lastauthoramp=yes }}</ref> These are:
 
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* subfamily [[Agavoideae]] = family Agavaceae and family Hesperocallidaceae
 
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* subfamily [[Aphyllanthoideae]] = family Aphyllanthaceae
 
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* subfamily [[Asparagoideae]] = family Asparagaceae ''sensu stricto''
 
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* subfamily [[Brodiaeoideae]] = family Themidaceae
 
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* subfamily [[Lomandroideae]] = family Laxmanniaceae
 
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* subfamily [[Nolinoideae]] = family Ruscaceae
 
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* subfamily [[Scilloideae]] = family Hyacinthaceae
 
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==Genera==
 
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Asparagaceae includes 114 genera with a total of ca 2900 known species.<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref> Unless otherwise noted, the alphabetical list below is based on genera accepted by the ''World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'' as in the family Asparagaceae (with synonyms from the same source).<ref name=wcspf/> The reference against the subfamily name is to the source which places the genus in that subfamily.
 
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{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
 
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|+ Asparagaceae genera<ref name=wcspf/>
 
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! style="text-align:left" | Subfamily
 
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! style="text-align:left" | Genus
 
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<!--*** If you change this list, please change the list at the relevant subfamily article so they all remain consistent ***-->
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Acanthocarpus (plant)|Acanthocarpus]]'' <small>Lehm.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Agave]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Albuca]]'' <small>L.</small> (sometimes included in ''[[Ornithogalum]]''<ref name=GRINquery/>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Alrawia]]'' <small>(Wendelbo) Perss. & Wendelbo</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Androstephium]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Anemarrhena]]'' <small>Bunge</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Anthericum]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Aphyllanthoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Aphyllanthes]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Arthropodium]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Asparagoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Asparagus (genus)|Asparagus]]'' <small>Tourn. ex L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Aspidistra]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> (including ''Antherolophus'' <small>Gagnep.</small>, ''Colania'' <small>Gagnep.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Barnardia]]'' <small>Lindl.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Beaucarnea]]'' <small>Lem.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Behnia]]'' <small>Didr.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Bellevalia]]'' <small>Lapeyr.</small> (including ''Strangweja'' <small>Bertol.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Beschorneria]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Bessera]]'' <small>Schult.f.</small> (including ''Behria'')
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Bloomeria]]'' <small>Kellogg</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Bowiea]]'' <small>Harv. ex Hook.f.</small> (Climbing Onion, Sea Onion)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Brimeura]]'' <small>Salisb.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Brodiaea]]'' <small>Sm.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Calibanus]]'' <small>Rose</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Camassia]]'' <small>Lindl.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Campylandra]]'' <small>Baker</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Chamaescilla]]'' <small>F.Muell. ex Benth.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Chamaexeros]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Chionodoxa]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> (included in ''[[Scilla]]'' <small>L.</small> by some sources)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae||[[× Chionoscilla|×&thinsp;''Chionoscilla'']] <small>J.Allen ex G.Nicholson</small> (included in ''[[Scilla]]'' <small>L.</small> by some sources)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Chlorogalum]]'' <small>(Lindl.) Kunth</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Chlorophytum]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Comospermum]]'' <small>Rauschert</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Convallaria]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Cordyline]]'' <small>Comm. ex R.Br.</small> (including ''Cohnia'' <small>Kunth</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Danae (plant)|Danae]]'' <small>Medik.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Dandya (plant)|Dandya]]'' <small>H.E.Moore</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Dasylirion]]'' <small>Zucc.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Daubenya]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> (including ''Amphisiphon'' <small>W.F.Barker</small>, ''Androsiphon'' <small>Schltr.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Diamena]]'' <small>Ravenna</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Dichelostemma]]'' <small>Kunth</small> (including ''Brevoortia'', ''Dipterostemon'', ''Stropholirion'')
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Dichopogon]]'' <small>Kunth</small> (may be included in ''Arthropodium'')
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Diora (plant)|Diora]]'' <small>Ravenna</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Dipcadi]]'' <small>Medik.</small> (sometimes included in ''[[Ornithogalum]]''<ref name=GRINquery/>)
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Disporopsis]]'' <small>Hance</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Dracaena (plant)|Dracaena]]'' <small>Vand. ex L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Drimia]]'' <small>Jacq.</small> (including ''Litanthus'' <small>Harv.</small>, ''Rhadamanthus'' <small>Salisb.</small>, ''Rhodocodon'' <small>Baker</small>, ''Sypharissa'' <small>Salisb.</small>, ''Tenicroa'' <small>Raf.</small>, ''Thuranthos'' <small>C.H.Wright</small>, ''Urginea'' <small>Steinh.</small>, ''Urgineopsis'' <small>Compton</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Drimiopsis]]'' <small>Lindl. & Paxton</small> (sometimes included in ''[[Ledebouria]]''<ref name=GRINquery/>)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Echeandia]]'' <small>Ortega</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Eremocrinum]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Eriospermum]]'' <small>Jacq.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Eucomis]]'' <small>L'Hér.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Eustrephus]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Furcraea]]'' <small>Vent.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Galtonia]]'' <small>Decne.</small> (included in ''[[Ornithogalum]]'' <small>L.</small> by some sources)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Hagenbachia]]'' <small>Nees & Mart.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Hastingsia]]'' <small>S.Watson</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Asparagoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Hemiphylacus]]'' <small>S.Watson</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Herreria (plant)|Herreria]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Herreriopsis]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Hesperaloe]]'' <small>Engelm. in S.Watson</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Hesperocallis]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Hesperoyucca]]'' <small>(Engelm.) Trel.</small> (included in ''[[Yucca]]'' by some sources)
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Heteropolygonatum]]'' <small>M.N.Tamura & Ogisu</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Hosta]]'' <small>Tratt.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Hyacinthella]]'' <small>Schur</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Hyacinthoides]]'' <small>Heist. ex Fabr.</small> (including  ''Endymion'' <small>Dumort.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Hyacinth (plant)|Hyacinthus]]'' <small>Tourn. ex L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Lachenalia]]'' <small>Jacq. ex Murray</small> (including ''Brachyscypha'' <small>Baker</small>, ''Periboea'' <small>Kunth</small>, ''Polyxena'' <small>Kunth</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Laxmannia]]'' <small>R.Br.</small> (including ''Bartlingia'' <small>F. Mueller</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Ledebouria]]'' <small>Roth</small> (including ''Resnova'' <small>van der Merwe</small><ref name=GRINquery/>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Leopoldia]]'' <small>Parl.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Leucocrinum]]'' <small>Nutt. ex A.Gray</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Liriope (plant)|Liriope]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Lomandra]]'' <small>Labill.</small> (including ''Xerotes'' <small>R. Brown</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Maianthemum]]'' <small>F.H.Wigg.</small> (including ''Oligobotrya'' <small>Baker</small>, ''Smilacina'' <small>Desf.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Manfreda]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> (included in ''[[Agave]]'' by some sources)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Massonia]]'' <small>Thunb. ex Houtt.</small> (including ''Neobakeria'' <small>Schltr.</small>, ''Whiteheadia'' <small>Harv.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Merwilla]]'' <small>Speta</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Milla]]'' <small>Cav.</small> (including ''Diphalangium'')
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Muilla]]'' <small>S.Watson ex Benth.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Murchisonia]]'' <small>Brittan</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Muscari]]'' <small>Mill.</small> (including ''Botryanthus'' <small>Kunth</small>, ''Muscarimia'' <small>Kostel.</small>, ''Pseudomuscari'' <small>Garbari &  Greuter</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Nolina]]'' <small>Michx.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Ophiopogon]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Ornithogalum]]'' <small>L.</small> (including ''Battandiera'' <small>Maire, Elsiea F.M.Leight.</small>, ''Neopatersonia'' <small>Schonl.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Oziroe]]'' <small>Raf.</small> (including ''Fortunatia'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Paradisea]]'' <small>Mazzuc.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Peliosanthes]]'' <small>Andrews</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Petronymphe]]'' <small>H.E.Moore</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Pleomele (genus)|Pleomele]]'' <small>Salisb.</small> (often included in Dracaena)
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Polianthes]]'' <small>L.</small> (included in ''[[Agave]]'' by some sources)
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Polygonatum]]'' <small>Mill.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Prochnyanthes]]'' <small>S.Watson</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Prospero (plant)|Prospero]]'' <small>Salisb.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Pseudogaltonia]]'' <small>(Kuntze) Engl.</small> (sometimes included in ''[[Ornithogalum]]''<ref name=GRINquery/>)
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Pseudoprospero]]'' <small>Speta</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Puschkinia]]'' <small>Adams</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Reineckea]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Rohdea]]'' <small>Roth</small> (including ''Gonioscypha'' <small>Baker</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Romnalda]]'' <small>P.F.Stevens</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Ruscus]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=apw/>||''[[Sansevieria]]'' <small>Thunb.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Schizobasis]]'' <small>Baker</small> (sometimes included in ''[[Drimia]]''<ref name=GRINquery/>)
 
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|-
 
−
|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Schizocarphus]]'' <small>van der Merwe</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Schoenolirion]]'' <small>Durand</small>
 
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|-
 
−
|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Scilla]]'' <small>L.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Semele (plant)|Semele]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Sowerbaea]]'' <small>Sm.</small>
 
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|-
 
−
|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Speirantha]]'' <small>Baker</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Spetaea]]'' <small>Wetschnig & Pfosser</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Theropogon]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Thysanotus]]'' <small>R.Br.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Trichopetalum (plant)|Trichopetalum]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> (including ''Bottinaea'' <small>Colla</small>)
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Triteleia]]'' <small>Douglas ex Lindl.</small> (including ''Hesperoscordium'', ''Themis'')
 
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|-
 
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|Brodiaeoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Triteleiopsis]]'' <small>Hoover</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Nolinoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Tupistra]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> (including ''Campylandra'' <small>Baker</small>, ''Tricalistra'' <small>Ridl.</small>)
 
−
|-
 
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|Scilloideae<ref name=GRINquery/>||''[[Veltheimia]]'' <small>Gled.</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Lomandroideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Xerolirion]]'' <small>A.S.George</small>
 
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|-
 
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|Agavoideae<ref name=Chase2009/>||''[[Yucca]]'' <small>L.</small> (including ''Samuela'')
 
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<!--content ends here-->
 
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|}
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist|refs=
 
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<ref name=Chase2009>{{Citation |last=Chase |first=M.W. |last2=Reveal |first2=J.L. |last3=Fay |first3=M.F. |year=2009 |title=A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=132–136 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x|lastauthoramp=yes }}</ref>
 
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<ref name=GRINquery>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxfam.pl |title=Query GRIN Taxonomy for Plants |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2011-05-30}}</ref>
 
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<ref name=apw>{{Citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ |accessdate=2011-05-29 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110603230449/http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/| archivedate=2011-06-03| deadurl= no}}</ref>
 
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<ref name=wcspf>{{Citation |author=WCSP |year=2011 |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=The Board of Trustees of the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do |accessdate=2011-05-25 | archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/65ybb5i6r?url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home%2Edo| archivedate= March 7, 2012 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
 
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}}
 
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== Bibliography ==
 
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{{refbegin}}
 
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* {{cite journal|last1=Pires|first1=J. C.|last2=Sytsma|first2=K. J.|title=A phylogenetic evaluation of a biosystematic framework: ''Brodiaea'' and related petaloid monocots (Themidaceae)|journal=[[American Journal of Botany]]|date=1 August 2002|volume=89|issue=8|pages=1342–1359|doi=10.3732/ajb.89.8.1342|pmid=21665737}}
 
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{{refend}}
 
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== External links ==
 
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{{commons category|Asparagaceae}}
 
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* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/asparaga.htm Asparagaceae] [sensu stricto] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20101213041459/http://delta-intkey.com:80/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 27 April 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com:80/
 
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* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10507 Liliaceae in ''Flora of North America'']
 
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* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=40552&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] [Asparagaceae sensu stricto]
 
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* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Asparagaceae links at CSDL, Texas]
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Asparagaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Asparagales families]]
 

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