Difference between revisions of "Lamiales"

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#redirect [[:Category:Lamiales]]
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{{Automatic taxobox
 
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|taxon = Lamiales
 
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|image=Galeopsis speciosa (Zellwald).jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Galeopsis speciosa]]''
 
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|authority = [[Edward Ffrench Bromhead|Bromhead]]{{r|APG3}}
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Families{{r|APG4}}
 
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|subdivision =
 
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*[[Acanthaceae]]
 
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*[[Bignoniaceae]]
 
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*[[Byblidaceae]]
 
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*[[Calceolariaceae]]
 
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*[[Carlemanniaceae]]
 
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*[[Gesneriaceae]]
 
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*[[Lamiaceae]]
 
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*[[Lentibulariaceae]]
 
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*[[Linderniaceae]]
 
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*[[Martyniaceae]]
 
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*[[Mazaceae]]
 
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*[[Oleaceae]]
 
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*[[Orobanchaceae]]
 
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*[[Paulowniaceae]]
 
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*[[Pedaliaceae]]
 
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*[[Phrymaceae]]
 
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*[[Plantaginaceae]]
 
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*[[Plocospermataceae]]
 
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*[[Schlegeliaceae]]
 
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*[[Scrophulariaceae]]
 
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*[[Stilbaceae]]
 
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*[[Tetrachondraceae]]
 
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*[[Thomandersiaceae]]
 
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*[[Verbenaceae]]
 
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}}
 
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The '''Lamiales''' are an [[order (biology)|order]] in the [[Asteridae|asterid]] group of [[dicotyledon]]ous [[flowering plants]]. It includes about 24,000{{r|APG3}} [[species]] divided into about 20 [[family (biology)|families]]. Well-known or economically important members of this order include [[lavender]], [[lilac]], [[olive]], [[jasmine]], the [[ash tree]], [[teak]], [[Antirrhinum|snapdragon]], [[sesame]], [[psyllium]], [[Salvia officinalis|garden sage]], and a number of table herbs such as [[mentha|mint]], [[basil]], and [[rosemary]].
 
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==Description==
 
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Although exceptions occur, [[species]] in this order typically have the following characteristics:
 
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*superior [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] composed of two fused [[carpel]]s
 
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*four [[petal]]s fused into a tube
 
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*bilaterally symmetrical, often bilabiate [[Corolla (flower)|corollas]]
 
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*four (or fewer) fertile [[stamen]]s
 
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==Taxonomy==
 
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The Lamiales previously had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by [[Arthur Cronquist]]) that included the major families [[Lamiaceae]] (Labiatae), [[Verbenaceae]], and [[Boraginaceae]], plus a few smaller families. In the classification system of [[Rolf Dahlgren|Dahlgren]] the Lamiales were in the [[superorder]] Lamiiflorae (also called Lamianae). Recent phylogenetic work has shown the Lamiales are [[polyphyletic]] with respect to order [[Scrophulariales]] and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders [[Hippuridales]] and [[Plantaginales]]. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of the [[Boraginaceae]] is unclear, but phylogenetic work shows this family does not belong in Lamiales.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}
 
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Also, the circumscription of family [[Scrophulariaceae]], formerly a [[paraphyletic]] group defined primarily by [[plesiomorphic]] characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived, has been radically altered to create a number of smaller, better-defined, and putatively [[monophyletic]] families.
 
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==References==
 
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{{reflist|refs=
 
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<ref name="APG3">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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<ref name="APG4">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/boj.12385/abstract |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref>
 
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}}
 
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==External links==<!-- SystBiol55:848 -->
 
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*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiales Lamiales]
 
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*[http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/OlmsteadPubs/Asteridae.1993.Annals.pdf A parsimony analysis of the Asteridae sensu lato based on rbcL sequences]
 
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*[http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/2/348 Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae] (deals with relationships throughout Lamiales)
 
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
 
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*http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/acanth.htm 2002-09-06
 
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*http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52e.htm 2002-09-06
 
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*http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm 2002-09-06
 
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*http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/Relation-Scroph.html
 
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*http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/web.dbs/genlist.html 2002-09-06
 
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{{commons category}}
 
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{{wikispecies}}
 
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{{taxonbar}}
 
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[[Category:Lamiales| ]]
 
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[[Category:Angiosperm orders]]
 

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