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| − | '''Didiereaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s found in continental [[Africa]] and [[Madagascar]].
| + | {{inedible family}} |
| − | It contains 20 species classified in three subfamilies and six genera. Species of the family are [[succulent plant]]s, growing in sub-arid to arid habitats. Several are known as [[ornamental plant]]s in specialist succulent collections. The subfamily Didiereoideae is [[endemic]] to the southwest of Madagascar, where the species are characteristic elements of the [[Madagascar spiny thickets|spiny thickets]].
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| − | ==Systematics==
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| − | The family was long considered entirely endemic to Madagascar until the genera ''Calyptrotheca'', ''Ceraria'', and ''Portulacaria'' from the African mainland were included.<ref name="ApplequistWallace2003">{{cite journal |last1=Applequist |first1=Wendy L. |last2=Wallace |first2=Robert S. |year=2003 |title=Expanded circumscription of Didiereaceae and its division into three subfamilies |journal=Adansonia |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=13–16 |issn=1280-8571 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/a2003n1a2.pdf}} {{open access}}</ref> [[Molecular phylogenetic]] analysis confirmed the [[monophyly]] of the family and its three subfamilies:<ref name="BruynsOliveira-Neto2014">{{cite journal |last1=Bruyns|first1=Peter V. |last2=Oliveira-Neto |first2=Mario |last3=Melo-de-Pinna |first3=Gladys Flavia |last4=Klak |first4=Cornelia |title=Phylogenetic relationships in the Didiereaceae with special reference to subfamily Portulacarioideae |journal=Taxon |volume=63 |issue=5 |year=2014 |pages=1053–1064 |issn=0040-0262 |doi=10.12705/635.36 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gladys_Melo-de-Pinna/publication/267629559_Phylogenetic_relationships_in_the_Didiereaceae_with_special_reference_to_subfamily_Portulacarioideae/links/558171bf08ae47061e60cb92.pdf}}</ref>
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| − | {{clade|style=font-size:90%;line-height:75%;width:600px;
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| − | |label1='''Didiereaceae'''
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| − | |1={{clade
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| − | |1=''[[Portulacaria]]''
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| − | |label1=Portulacarioideae
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| − | |2={{clade
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| − | |1=''[[Calyptrotheca]]''
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| − | |label1=Calyptrothecoideae
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| − | |2={{clade
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| − | |1=''[[Alluaudiopsis]]''
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| − | |2={{clade
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| − | |1=''[[Alluaudia]]''
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| − | |2={{clade
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| − | |1=''[[Decarya]]''
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| − | |2=''[[Didierea]]''
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| − | }}
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| − | }}
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| − | }}
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| − | |label2=Didiereoideae
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| − | }}
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| − | }}
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| − | }}
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| − | The family is closely related to the [[New World]] family [[Cactus|Cactaceae]] (cacti), sufficiently closely so that species of Didiereaceae can be [[grafting|grafted]] successfully on some cacti.<ref name="BruynsOliveira-Neto2014"/>
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| − | ==Calyptrothecoideae==
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| − | Contains only one genus, ''[[Calyptrotheca]]'', with two species found in tropical [[East Africa]].<ref name="BruynsOliveira-Neto2014"/>
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| − | ==Didiereoideae==
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| − | This subfamily is endemic to Madagascar, where it is found in the [[Madagascar spiny thickets|spiny thickets]] of the dry southwest. The plants are [[Thorns, spines, and prickles|spiny]] [[Succulent plant|succulent]] [[shrub]]s and [[tree]]s from 2–20 m tall, with thick water-storing stems and [[leaf|leaves]] that are [[deciduous]] in the long [[dry season]]. Some species build a distinct youth form as small procumbent shrubs before a dominant stem is produced. All species are [[dioecious]] (''Decaria'' female-dioecious). The leaves, produced from the [[brachyblast]]s (much like the [[areole]]s found in [[cactus|cacti]]), are small, appear single or in pairs and are accompanied by conical spines. The flowers are unisexual (except from ''Decaria'') and radially symmetric.
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| − | There are four genera with eleven species:
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| − | ''[[Alluaudia]]'' {{small|([[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]) [[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]] 1903}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudia ascendens]]'' {{small|([[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]) [[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]] 1903}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudia comosa]]'' {{small|([[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]) [[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]] 1903}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudia dumosa]]'' {{small|([[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]) [[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]] 1903}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudia humbertii]]'' {{small|[[Pierre Choux|Choux]] 1934}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudia montagnacii]]'' {{small|[[Werner Rauh|Rauh]] 1961}} – probably a natural hybrid of ''A. ascendens'' and ''A. procera''
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| − | *''[[Alluaudia procera]]'' {{small|([[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]]) [[Emmanuel Drake del Castillo|Drake]] 1903}} – quite easy grown and the most frequent species in cultivation
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| − | ''[[Alluaudiopsis]]'' {{small|[[Jean-Henri Humbert|Humbert]] & [[Pierre Choux|Choux]] 1934}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudiopsis fiherensis]]'' {{small|[[Jean-Henri Humbert|Humbert]] & [[Pierre Choux|Choux]] 1934}}
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| − | *''[[Alluaudiopsis marnieriana]]'' {{small|[[Werner Rauh|Rauh]] 1961}}
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| − | ''[[Decarya]]'' {{small|[[Pierre Choux|Choux]] 1929}}
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| − | *''[[Decarya madagascariensis]]'' {{small|[[Pierre Choux|Choux]] 1929}}
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| − | ''[[Didierea]]'' {{small|[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baillon]] 1880}}
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| − | *''[[Didierea madagascariensis]]'' {{small|[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baillon]] 1880}}
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| − | *''[[Didierea trollii]]'' {{small|[[René Paul Raymond Capuron|Capuron]] & [[Werner Rauh|Rauh]] 1961}}
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| − | Key to the genera of Didieroideae:
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | | 1 || Spines in groups of four or more: || ''Didierea''
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| − | |-
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| − | | - || Spines single or in pairs: || → 2
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| − | |-
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| − | | 2 || Shoots striking zigzagged, spines short conical: || ''Decarya''
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| − | |-
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| − | | - || Shoots not zigzagged, spines long conical to needle-like: || → 3
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| − | |-
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| − | | 3 || Shrubs strongly branched, leaves lanceolate: || ''Alluaudiopsis''
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| − | |-
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| − | | - || Shrubs little branched, leaves either ovate to circular or scale-like and awl-shaped: || ''Alluaudia''
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | ==Portulacarioideae==
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| − | Contains one genus, ''[[Portulacaria]]'', with seven species, distributed in [[Southern Africa]]. Species formerly considered in the separate genus ''[[Ceraria]]'' are now included in ''Portulacaria''.<ref name="BruynsOliveira-Neto2014"/>
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| − | ==Gallery==
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| − | <gallery>
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| − | File:Ceraria_namaquensis_01_ies.jpg|''Portulacaria namaquensis''
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| − | File:Jade_leaves.jpg|''Portulacaria afra''
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| − | File:Alluaudia ascendens.JPG|''Alluaudia ascendens''
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| − | File:Alluaudia montagnacii.jpg|''Alluaudia montagnacii''
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| − | File:Alluaudia procera2.JPG|''Alluaudia procera''
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| − | </gallery>
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
| | {{reflist}} | | {{reflist}} |
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| − | ==Literature==
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| − | * Eggli, Urs (Ed.): ''Sukkulentenlexikon Band 2: Zweikeimblättrige Pflanzen (Dicotyledonen)'' Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Germany 2002. ISBN 3-8001-3915-4
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| | [[Category:Caryophyllales]] | | [[Category:Caryophyllales]] |
