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| − | '''Ancistrocladaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants]]. The family consists of a single genus, '''''Ancistrocladus''''', of [[lianas]], found in the tropics of the Old World.
| + | {{Inedible family}} |
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| − | ==Classification==
| + | The family consists of a single genus, '''''Ancistrocladus''''', of [[lianas]], found in the tropics of the Old World. |
| − | The [[APG II system]], of 2003 (unchanged from the [[APG system]], of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order [[Caryophyllales]] in the clade [[core eudicots]]. | |
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| − | Recent molecular and biochemical evidence (see the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html AP-Website]) suggests the carnivorous taxa in the order [[Caryophyllales]] (the families [[Droseraceae]] and [[Nepenthaceae]] and the species ''[[Drosophyllum lusitanicum]]'' and ''[[Triphyophyllum peltatum]]'') all belong to the same [[clade]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}} This family Ancistrocladaceae would belong to this same clade, although the plants in the family are not carnivorous.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}
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| − | A close relationship between this family and the family [[Dioncophyllaceae]] (containing the carnivorous species ''T. peltatum'') is supported by similar [[pollen]] and [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] structure. The [[Cronquist system]], 1981, placed the family in the order [[Violales]] (together with [[Dioncophyllaceae]]). The [[Takhtajan system]] placed the family in its own order Ancistrocladales.
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| − | ==Description==
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| − | The only genus in the family Ancistrocladaceae is ''Ancistrocladus'', a little-known genus of about 20 species. These are [[palaeotropical]], climbing, twining plants, found in lowland to submontane, wet to seasonal evergreen or swamp forests. The sparingly branched, [[sympodial]] [[Plant stem|stem]] is complex and can exceed 10 cm in diameter. It is along one side attached to the tree with grapnels (short, hooked lateral thorns, formed from modified stem apices), opposite to the leaves. Their [[Leaf|leaves]] are borne in dense, evergreen rosettes. They are entire, have short [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]s and lack [[stipule]]s. They have a single wax-secreting [[trichome]] in the [[epiderm]]al pits and glands on the abaxial surface. The flowers are small with a basally connate [[Corolla (flower)|corolla]], that are imbricate or rolled up lengthwise. The fruit is a nut with often wing-like accrescent [[sepal]]s.
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| − | ==Distribution==
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| − | The species of ''Ancistrocladus'' are native to tropical [[Africa]], the [[Indian Subcontinent]], and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name=jj/>
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| − | ==Medicinal potential==
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| − | Scientific interest in this genus has grown considerably because the [[canopy (forest)|canopy]] [[liana]] [http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?name=Ancistrocladus+korupensis ''Ancistrocladus korupensis''] is considered a potential anti-[[AIDS]] source by the [[National Cancer Institute]] because of its highly effective mode of action against HIV.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} This plant was discovered in [[Cameroon]] and subsequently recognized as a species new to science. Its ingredient [[michellamine B]], an acetogenic napthyl isoquinoline [[alkaloid]], contained in mature leaves, is the active principle. Also, [[korupensamine E]] is a new [[malaria|antimalarial]] drug extracted from the same plant.
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| − | ''Ancistrocladus abbreviatus'' has been used on traditional medicine in [[Ghana]], as treatment against [[measles]] and [[fever]]. The active ingredient is [[ancistrobrevine D]], an [[alkaloid]] extracted from this plant. | |
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| − | Ancistrocline, an alkaloid derived from ''A. tectorius'', is used against [[dysentery]].
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| − | Many other alkaloids are still being found in the other species.
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| − | == Species ==
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| − | Species accepted as of July 2014:<ref name=jj>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=8751 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus abbreviatus]]'' <small>Airy Shaw</small> - western Africa
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus attenuatus]]'' <small>Dyer</small> - West Bengal, Myanmar, Andaman Islands
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus barteri]]'' <small>Scott-Elliot</small> - western Africa
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| − | #''[[Ancistrocladus benomensis]]'' <small>Rischer & G.Bringmann</small> - Pahang
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus congolensis]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus ealaensis]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre, Central African Republic
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus grandiflorus]]'' <small>Cheek</small> - Cameroon
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus griffithii]]'' <small>Planch.</small> - Indochina, Andaman Islands
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus guineensis]]'' <small>Oliv.</small> - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus hamatus]]'' <small>(Vahl) Gilg</small> - Sri Lanka
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus heyneanus]]'' <small>Wall. ex J.Graham</small> - southwestern India
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| − | #''[[Ancistrocladus ileboensis]]'' <small>Heubl, Mudogo & G.Bringmann</small> - Congo-Brazzaville
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus korupensis]]'' <small>D.W.Thomas & Gereau</small> - Nigeria, Cameroon
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus letestui]]'' <small>Pellegr.</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre, Central African Republic
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus likoko]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus pachyrrhachis ]]'' <small>Warb.</small> - Liberia
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus robertsoniorum]]'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Kenya
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis]]'' <small>Cheek & Frim.</small> - Tanzania
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus tectorius]]'' <small>(Lour.) Merr.</small> - Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Hainan, Borneo, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus uncinatus]]'' <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small> - Nigeria
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| − | # ''[[Ancistrocladus wallichii]]'' <small>Planch.</small> - Assam, Bangladesh, Andaman Islands
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| | ==References== | | ==References== |
