Difference between revisions of "Pandanaceae"

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{{automatic taxobox
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#redirect [[:Category:Pandanaceae]]
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|image = Pandanus tectorius (5187732979).jpg
 
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|image_caption = ''[[Pandanus tectorius]]''
 
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|taxon = Pandanaceae
 
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|authority = [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
 
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|subdivision_ranks = Genera
 
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|subdivision =
 
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''[[Benstonea]]'' <small>Callm. & Buerki</small><br/>
 
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''[[Freycinetia]]'' <small>[[Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré|Gaudich.]]</small><br/>
 
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''[[Martellidendron]]'' <small>([[Rodolfo Emilio Giuseppe Pichi Sermolli|Pic.Serm.]]) Callm. & Chassot</small><br/>
 
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''[[Pandanus]]'' <small>Parkinson</small><br/>
 
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''[[Sararanga]]'' <small>[[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]]</small>
 
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}}
 
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'''Pandanaceae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant]]s native to the [[tropics]] and [[subtropics]] of the [[Old World]], from [[West Africa]] through the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]]. It contains 982 known species<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref> in five [[Genus|genera]],<ref name="ncbi">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=4724&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]</ref> of which the [[type genus]], ''[[Pandanus]]'', is the most important. It is an ancient family dating from the early to mid-[[Cretaceous]].<ref name=ingenta>[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2003/00000052/00000004/art00010 ingentaconnect: Recognition of ''Martellidendron'', a new genus of ''Pandanaceae'', and its biogeographic implications]</ref>
 
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==Characteristics==
 
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Pandanaceae includes [[tree]]s, [[shrub]]s, [[liana]]s, [[vine]]s, [[epiphyte]]s, and [[Perennial plant|perennial herbs]].<ref name="efloras">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1200&taxon_id=10649 eFloras.org: Pandanaceae in Monocot families (USDA)]</ref> [[Plant stem|Stems]] may be simple or bifurcately branched, and may have [[Root#Specialized roots|aerial prop roots]]. The stems bear prominent leaf scars. The [[Leaf|leaves]] are very long and narrow, sheathing, simple, undivided, with parallel veins; the leaf margins and [[wikt:abaxial|abaxial]] midribs are often prickly.<ref name="china">[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10649 eFloras.org: Pandanaceae in Flora of China]</ref>
 
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The plants are [[Dioecy|dioecious]]. The [[inflorescence]]s are terminally borne [[raceme]]s, spikes or [[umbel]]s, with subtended [[Bract|spathes]], which may be brightly colored. The [[flower]]s are minute and lack [[perianth]]s. Male flowers contain numerous [[stamen]]s with free or fused filaments. Female flowers have a superior [[Ovary (botany)|ovary]], usually of many [[Gynoecium|carpels]] in a ring, but may be reduced to a row of carpels or a single carpel. [[Fruit]]s are [[berry (botany)|berries]] or [[drupe]]s,<ref name="efloras" /> usually [[Multiple fruit|multiple]].<ref>[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/pandanac.htm L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz. The families of flowering plants: Pandanaceae]</ref>
 
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==Genera==
 
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Pandanaceae includes five genera: ''[[Benstonea]]'', ''[[Freycinetia]]'', ''[[Martellidendron]]'', ''[[Pandanus]]'', and ''[[Sararanga]]''.<ref name="ncbi" /> ''Benstonea'' (as [[subgenus]] "''Acrostigma''")<ref name="benstonea">{{cite web|url= http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2013/f/pt00112p060.pdf |title=Update on the systematics of ''Benstonea'' (Pandanaceae): When a visionary taxonomist foresees phylogenetic relationships }}&nbsp;{{small|(50&nbsp;KB)}}</ref> and ''Martellidendron''<ref name="ingenta" /> were formerly considered subgenera of ''Pandanus'', but were recognized as distinct genera based on [[DNA sequencing]].<ref name="ingenta" /><ref name="benstonea" />
 
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{{commons category|Pandanaceae}}
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist}}
 
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[[Category:Pandanaceae| ]]
 
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[[Category:Monocot families]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:24, 26 October 2017

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